Sistemas de preparo e correção de solo arenoso ao longo do perfil visando produtividade e longevidade do canavial
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Data
2020-07-09
Autores
Martello, Jorge Martinelli
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A intensa mecanização do plantio à colheita no sistema de produção de cana-deaçúcar sem a utilização da queima, submete o solo a uma forte compactação. Assim, são necessários estudos sobre sistemas de preparo que viabilizem da melhor maneira, a intensa mecanização da cultura, nos diferentes tipos de solo. Os avanços tecnológicos dos sistemas de direcionamento via satélite permitem, além do controle de tráfego de máquinas, planejar e realizar o preparo de solo localizado (em faixas) e o plantio de forma canteirizada, onde não deve haver tráfego. As recomendações de calagem para a cultura, diante do cenário inovador, precisam ser reavaliadas. Portanto, foram instalados dois experimentos, utilizando-se o espaçamento alternado 0,9 x 1,5 m, em Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo de textura franco arenosa. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por duas doses de calcário (0 – sem calcário e 1 – dose recomendada) e três sistemas de preparo do solo [Preparo Convencional (C) – padrão/controle; Preparo Profundo em faixas com haste subsoladora e enxada rotativa (PP); Preparo Profundo Modificado (PPM), sendo este com aplicação de calcário concentrado em faixas]. Foram avaliados: os atributos químicos do solo, os teores de nutrientes foliares e a qualidade tecnológica da matéria prima, a produtividade de colmos e açúcar após a colheita. A calagem realizada na faixa do canteiro, seguida pelo preparo profundo (PPM1) melhora os níveis de fertilidade ao longo do perfil do solo. Independente do sistema de preparo de solo, a calagem aumentou os teores foliares de nutrientes, porém, o PPM1 foi mais eficiente em proporcionar plantas bem nutridas em Ca, Mg e S. Os teores foliares de Fe, Cu, Mn e B reduziram com a calagem, independente do sistema de preparo do solo, porém permaneceram dentro da faixa ideal para o desenvolvimento da cana-de-açúcar. Os parâmetros tecnológicos da matéria prima não foram alterados pela calagem, independente do sistema de preparo de solo. A produção de colmos aumentou quando a calagem foi realizada, principalmente sob sistema de preparo convencional que apesar de não diferir do PPM, foi superior ao PP. Em solos arenosos, os reflexos do sistema de preparo do solo são menos preponderantes do que a calagem
The intense mechanization from planting to harvest in the sugarcane production system without the use of burning, submits the soil to a strong compaction. Thus, studies on tillage systems that can best enable the intense mechanization of the crop in different types of soil are needed. Technological advances in global positioning systems (GPS) allow, in addition to machine traffic control, to plan and carry out localized soil striped tillage besides planting in a canterized form, where there should be no heavy machine traffic. Liming recommendations for sugarcane were developed for the conventional tillage and harvesting system after burning, however, with the new scenarios, research is needed to evaluate the interaction between liming and soil tillage systems. Therefore, two experiments were installed, using the alternating spacing 0.9 x 1,5 m, in a Red-Yellow Oxisol with a sandy-loam texture. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in a 2 X 3 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of two lime rates (0 - without lime and 1 - recommended dose) and three soil tillage systems [Conventional Tillage (C) - standard / control; Deep striped tillage with subsoiling rod and rotary hoe (PP); Modified Deep striped tillage (PPM), being this with localized and striped liming]. The chemical attributes of the soil, the leaf nutrient content, the technological quality of the raw material, the stalk and sugar yield after harvest, were evaluated. Canterized striped liming, followed by deep preparation (PPM1) improves fertility levels along the soil profile. Regardless of the soil tillage system, lime application increased leaf nutrient content, however, PPM1 was more efficient in providing Ca, Mg and S well nourished plants. The foliar Fe, Cu, Mn and B decreased with liming, regardless of tillage system, but remained within the optimal range for the development of sugarcane. The technological attributes of the raw material were not altered by liming, regardless of the soil tillage system. The stalk yield increased when liming was performed, mainly under the conventional tillage system which, despite not differing from PPM, was superior to PP. In sandy soils, the reflections of tillage systems are less clear than liming.
The intense mechanization from planting to harvest in the sugarcane production system without the use of burning, submits the soil to a strong compaction. Thus, studies on tillage systems that can best enable the intense mechanization of the crop in different types of soil are needed. Technological advances in global positioning systems (GPS) allow, in addition to machine traffic control, to plan and carry out localized soil striped tillage besides planting in a canterized form, where there should be no heavy machine traffic. Liming recommendations for sugarcane were developed for the conventional tillage and harvesting system after burning, however, with the new scenarios, research is needed to evaluate the interaction between liming and soil tillage systems. Therefore, two experiments were installed, using the alternating spacing 0.9 x 1,5 m, in a Red-Yellow Oxisol with a sandy-loam texture. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in a 2 X 3 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of two lime rates (0 - without lime and 1 - recommended dose) and three soil tillage systems [Conventional Tillage (C) - standard / control; Deep striped tillage with subsoiling rod and rotary hoe (PP); Modified Deep striped tillage (PPM), being this with localized and striped liming]. The chemical attributes of the soil, the leaf nutrient content, the technological quality of the raw material, the stalk and sugar yield after harvest, were evaluated. Canterized striped liming, followed by deep preparation (PPM1) improves fertility levels along the soil profile. Regardless of the soil tillage system, lime application increased leaf nutrient content, however, PPM1 was more efficient in providing Ca, Mg and S well nourished plants. The foliar Fe, Cu, Mn and B decreased with liming, regardless of tillage system, but remained within the optimal range for the development of sugarcane. The technological attributes of the raw material were not altered by liming, regardless of the soil tillage system. The stalk yield increased when liming was performed, mainly under the conventional tillage system which, despite not differing from PPM, was superior to PP. In sandy soils, the reflections of tillage systems are less clear than liming.
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Sacharum spp, Preparo profundo em faixas, Calcário, Atributos químicos do solo, Produtividade de colmos, Deep striped tillage, Limestone, Soil chemical attributes, Stalk yield