Deriva e espectro de gotas de pontas com e sem indução de ar, na pulverização de 2,4-d isolado e em mistura com glyphosate
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Data
2022-05-02
Autores
Queiroz, Mateus Francisco Paes de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A deriva dos herbicidas 2,4-D e glyphosate podem causar prejuízos quando atingem culturas suscetíveis. Como estratégia de tornar a utilização do herbicida 2,4-D mais segura, foi desenvolvida uma nova formulação (sal colina) com tecnologia de redução de deriva. Além da formulação, o risco de deriva sofre interferência principalmente do modelo de ponta de pulverização utilizado, sendo o componente responsável pela formação das gotas. Há no mercado diversas opções de modelos e fabricantes de pontas que produzem modelos de pontas equivalentes, sendo enquadradas no mesmo grupo, como jato plano com indução de ar, por exemplo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a caracterização do risco de deriva e o espectro de gotas de diferentes pontas de jato plano com e sem indução de ar na pulverização de 2,4-D, aplicados de maneira isolada e em associação com três formulações de glyphosate e verificar o potencial e redução de deriva da formulação Colex-D®. As pontas utilizadas foram Teejet XR 11002 e AIXR 11002, Jacto AXI 11002 e CVI 11002, Pentair VP 11002 e GA 11002 e Magnojet BD 11002 e AD-IA 11002. Os tratamentos foram submetidos à pressão de 280 kPa e volume de aplicação de 80 L ha-1. A análise do espectro de gotas foi feita por um analisador de partículas em tempo real, determinando o diâmetro mediano volumétrico (DMV) e percentual de gotas menores que 105 µm (V105). O índice de deriva (ID) foi determinado em túnel de vento com adição de um traçador à calda. Os resultados foram comparados com as pontas selecionadas como referência (XR 11002 e AIXR 11002, Teejet, Co.). As aplicações com pontas de pulverização consideradas similares não terão o mesmo comportamento mesmo se pulverizada a mesma calda. A recomendação mais segura, considerando o índice de deriva de pontas com indução de ar para aplicação da mistura 2,4-D e glyphosate foi Enlist® Colex-D® + Zapp QI 620 e ponta Magnojet 11002 AD IA, enquanto a menos segura foi DMA 806 BR + Glizmax Prime e ponta Teejet 11002 AIXR. As pontas de pulverização sem indução de ar não devem ser consideradas para aplicação dos herbicidas avaliados.
The drift of herbicides such as 2,4-D and glyphosate can cause injuries in many crops. As a strategy to reduce the drift in the application of 2,4-D, a new formulation (choline salt) was developed. Besides the formulation, the drift potential is influenced by the nozzles, which is the main device for droplet formation. There are many manufacturers that produce nozzle types in a same category, for example flat fan with air induction. Despite the nozzles are considered equivalents, different brands may have variations in the droplet spectrum. The aim of this study was to evaluate if there are differences in droplet spectrum and drift risk of nozzles with and without air induction in the pulverization of the herbicides 2,4-D isolated and in mixture with three glyphosate formulations and to verify the potential and reduction of drift of the Colex-D® formulation. The nozzle models used were Teejet XR 11002 and AIXR 11002, Jacto AXI 11002 and CVI 11002, Pentair VP 11002 and GA 11002 and Magnojet BD 11002 and AD-IA 11002.The treatments were conducted at a pressure work of 280 kPa and at a carrier volume rate of 80 L ha-1 . The droplet spectra were evaluated using a particle analyzer, and the data analyzed were the median droplet diameter (VMD), driftable fine droplets smaller than 105 µm (V105). The drift risk was evaluated in a wind tunnel from spray solutions prepared with the Brilliant Blue color dye for spectrophotometry. The results were compared with the nozzles set as reference (XR 11002 e AIXR 11002, Teejet, Co.).. Applications with spray nozzles considered similar, will not have the same behavior even if sprayed the same tankmix. The safest recommendation considering the drift index of air induction tips for application of the mixture 2,4-D and glyphosate was Enlist® Colex-D® + Zapp QI 620 with 110 02 AD IA Magnojet nozzle, while the least safe was DMA 806 BR + Glizmax Prime and 11002 AIXR Teejet nozzle. Spray nozzles without air induction should not be considered for application of the herbicides evaluated
The drift of herbicides such as 2,4-D and glyphosate can cause injuries in many crops. As a strategy to reduce the drift in the application of 2,4-D, a new formulation (choline salt) was developed. Besides the formulation, the drift potential is influenced by the nozzles, which is the main device for droplet formation. There are many manufacturers that produce nozzle types in a same category, for example flat fan with air induction. Despite the nozzles are considered equivalents, different brands may have variations in the droplet spectrum. The aim of this study was to evaluate if there are differences in droplet spectrum and drift risk of nozzles with and without air induction in the pulverization of the herbicides 2,4-D isolated and in mixture with three glyphosate formulations and to verify the potential and reduction of drift of the Colex-D® formulation. The nozzle models used were Teejet XR 11002 and AIXR 11002, Jacto AXI 11002 and CVI 11002, Pentair VP 11002 and GA 11002 and Magnojet BD 11002 and AD-IA 11002.The treatments were conducted at a pressure work of 280 kPa and at a carrier volume rate of 80 L ha-1 . The droplet spectra were evaluated using a particle analyzer, and the data analyzed were the median droplet diameter (VMD), driftable fine droplets smaller than 105 µm (V105). The drift risk was evaluated in a wind tunnel from spray solutions prepared with the Brilliant Blue color dye for spectrophotometry. The results were compared with the nozzles set as reference (XR 11002 e AIXR 11002, Teejet, Co.).. Applications with spray nozzles considered similar, will not have the same behavior even if sprayed the same tankmix. The safest recommendation considering the drift index of air induction tips for application of the mixture 2,4-D and glyphosate was Enlist® Colex-D® + Zapp QI 620 with 110 02 AD IA Magnojet nozzle, while the least safe was DMA 806 BR + Glizmax Prime and 11002 AIXR Teejet nozzle. Spray nozzles without air induction should not be considered for application of the herbicides evaluated
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Tecnologia de aplicação, Pontas de pulverização, Plantas daninhas, Herbicidas, Sal colina, Application technology, Spray nozzles, Weeds, Herbicides, Choline salt