Pesquisa da contaminação e avaliação da infectividade por Trypanosoma cruzi em polpas de açaí comercializadas em municípios do Estado de São Paulo
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2021-08-27
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A doença de Chagas tem como agente etiológico o protozoário Trypanosoma cruzi (T.cruzi). Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, de sete a oito milhões de pessoas encontram-se infectadas com T.cruzi, tendo-se como principais vias de transmissão a vetorial e a oral, a qual tem assumido uma grande importância epidemiológica, tendo em vista a não obrigatoriedade da pasteurização da polpa de açaí. O presente trabalho visou pesquisar T. cruzi em 35 amostras de sorvete de açaí comercializados em 11 diferentes pontos de venda da região de Botucatu-SP, bem como realizar a inoculação via gavagem de amostras de açaí em modelo murino. Para estes objetivos, as alíquotas de polpas de açaí foram submetidas ao método de tamisação direta e visualização sob microscopia óptica, sendo analisadas sob diferentes temperaturas de armazenamento e em diferentes períodos. Análises moleculares pela técnica de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase convencional (cPCR) com os primers 121/122 e V7/V8 para T.cruzi, foram realizadas a partir das 35 amostras de açaí. Pela tamisação direta verificou-se uma (01) amostra positiva (2,86%), pela leitura das seis horas em temperatura ambiente, porém sem motilidade, a qual não se confirmou pela técnica molecular de PCR utilizando-se os primers 121/122 e V7/V8, para T. cruzi. No entanto, duas amostras de açaí (5,71%) e negativas à tamisação foram positivas à técnica de PCR com o uso do primer 121/122. Realizou-se a inoculação das amostras de açaí positivas à tamisação e à PCR, por via oral (gavagem) em camundongos Balb-C, a fim de se verificar a infectividade das amostras, tendo-se observado que, após período de incubação de 7 dias, a partir de microscopia direta em sangue e tecidos, verificou-se a presença de formas amastigotas em língua e formas tripomastigotas em esfregaço sanguíneo nos grupos de camundongos que receberam as amostras de açaí positivas à tamisação ou à PCR, o que indica a sua capacidade de produzir a infecção in vivo nos camundongos. Desta forma, reforça-se a importância da pasteurização do açaí, já que, até o momento, não há legislação que obrigue a pasteurização deste fruto comercializado como sorvete, necessitando-se de um controle de qualidade e boas práticas de manufatura do mesmo, para o consumo seguro de produtos derivados do açaí.
The etiological agent of Chagas disease is the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T.cruzi). According to the World Health Organization, between seven and eight million people are infected with T. cruzi, with the main routes of transmission being vectorial and oral, which has assumed great epidemiological importance, in view of the açaí pulp pasteurization is not mandatory. The present work aimed to research T. cruzi in 35 samples of açaí ice cream marketed in 11 different points of sale in the region of Botucatu-SP, as well as to carry out the inoculation via gavage of açaí samples in a murine model. For these purposes, the açaí pulp aliquots were submitted to the forced sieving technique and visualization under optical microscopy, being analyzed under different storage temperatures and in different periods. Molecular analyzes using the conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction technique (cPCR) with primers 121/122 and V7/V8 for T.cruzi, were carried out from 35 açaí samples. By forced sieving, one (01) positive sample (2.86%) was verified, by reading at six hours at room temperature, but without motility, which was not confirmed by the molecular PCR technique using primers 121/122 and V7/V8, for T. cruzi. However, two samples of açaí (5.71%) that were negative by forced sieving were positive by the PCR technique using primer 121/122. The inoculation of açaí samples positive to forced sieving and PCR, orally (gavage) was carried out in Balb-C mice, in order to verify the infectivity of the samples. After seven days, it was observed from direct microscopy in blood and tissues, the presence of amastigote forms in the tongue and trypomastigote forms in blood smears in the groups of mice that received the açaí samples positive to forced sieving or PCR, which indicates its ability to produce infection in vivo in mice. In this way, the importance of pasteurization of açaí is reinforced, since, to date, there is no legislation that requires the pasteurization of this fruit sold as ice cream, requiring quality control and good manufacturing practices, to the safe consumption of derived açaí products.
The etiological agent of Chagas disease is the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T.cruzi). According to the World Health Organization, between seven and eight million people are infected with T. cruzi, with the main routes of transmission being vectorial and oral, which has assumed great epidemiological importance, in view of the açaí pulp pasteurization is not mandatory. The present work aimed to research T. cruzi in 35 samples of açaí ice cream marketed in 11 different points of sale in the region of Botucatu-SP, as well as to carry out the inoculation via gavage of açaí samples in a murine model. For these purposes, the açaí pulp aliquots were submitted to the forced sieving technique and visualization under optical microscopy, being analyzed under different storage temperatures and in different periods. Molecular analyzes using the conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction technique (cPCR) with primers 121/122 and V7/V8 for T.cruzi, were carried out from 35 açaí samples. By forced sieving, one (01) positive sample (2.86%) was verified, by reading at six hours at room temperature, but without motility, which was not confirmed by the molecular PCR technique using primers 121/122 and V7/V8, for T. cruzi. However, two samples of açaí (5.71%) that were negative by forced sieving were positive by the PCR technique using primer 121/122. The inoculation of açaí samples positive to forced sieving and PCR, orally (gavage) was carried out in Balb-C mice, in order to verify the infectivity of the samples. After seven days, it was observed from direct microscopy in blood and tissues, the presence of amastigote forms in the tongue and trypomastigote forms in blood smears in the groups of mice that received the açaí samples positive to forced sieving or PCR, which indicates its ability to produce infection in vivo in mice. In this way, the importance of pasteurization of açaí is reinforced, since, to date, there is no legislation that requires the pasteurization of this fruit sold as ice cream, requiring quality control and good manufacturing practices, to the safe consumption of derived açaí products.
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Doença de Chagas, Diagnóstico, Trypanosoma cruzi, Açaí, Euterpe oleracea, Chagas disease, Diagnosis