Estudo de Mytella falcata (Mollusca, Bivalvia) como indicadora de efeitos genotóxicos e citotóxicos no estuário de Santos, SP
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Data
2007-04-26
Autores
David, José Augusto de Oliveira [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O estuário de Santos já foi um exemplo de degradação ambiental, porém medidas dos órgãos responsáveis pelo saneamento ambiental resultaram em melhoria na qualidade das águas, mas os sedimentos e a biota continuam contaminados. Os moluscos bivalves são bons bioindicadores de poluição ambiental, devido a seu hábito séssil e filtrador, e à capacidade de acumular diversas substâncias. Mytella falcata é uma espécie comum em regiões tropicais, encontrada semi-enterrada no sedimento, podendo fornecer dados sobre as condições do mesmo. Neste trabalho, bivalves da espécie Mytella falcata residentes em três pontos do estuário de Santos com diferentes níveis substâncias potencialmente poluidoras, foram analisado a fim de caracterizar a população residente nestes pontos. As técnicas utilizadas foram o ensaio do cometa, o teste do micronúcleo e a análise histopatológica das brânquias, incluindo técnicas histoquímicas, ultramorfológica e ultra-estrutural. As análises demonstraram que a espécie pode ser para avaliar danos genotóxicos, mutagênicos e citotóxicos. Utilizando o ensaio do cometa os indivíduos dos pontos B e C mostraram níveis significativamente maiores de danos ao DNA quando comparados aos animais do ponto A. Quanto a análise dos micronúcleos os animais de todos os pontos apresentaram resposta muito semelhante. A morfologia dos filamentos branquiais desta espécie mostrou-se muito similares a de espécies próximas e na análise histopatológica foram observadas alterações nos pontos B e C; as principais foram o desprendimento do epitélio da região lateral do filamento, modificação na morfologia deste epitélio, aumento na produção de muco e processos envolvidos na eliminação de células e renovação das mesmas. Os dados obtidos mostraram que todas as técnicas resultaram no diagnóstico de que os animais residentes no ponto...
The Santos estuary which is located in São Paulo, Brazil, was considered one of the major examples of coastal degradation. Nowadays the quality of this environment has improved, but the sediment and the biota are still contaminated. Bivalve mollusks are sedentary, filter-feeding invertebrates that have been widely used to monitor aquatic habitats. Mytella falcata is very common in tropical areas and lives buried in the sediment. In this study, the mussel Mytella falcata, from three sites of Santos estuary, were analyzed; the three sites presented different levels of harmful substances. The aim of this analysis was to characterize the animals that live in this area. The techniques applied were the comet assay, micronucleus test and histopathological analysis of the gill filaments, including the histochemistry and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Laboratory tests demonstrated that the species can be used as bioindicator. The analyzed specimens from sites B and C, showed higher levels of DNA damage when compared to those from site A. The micronucleus test presented no difference between the three sites. Mytella falcata gill filaments showed high similarity to other Mytilidae species. The histopathological analysis demonstrated some alterations in sites B and C. The major alterations were the detachment of epithelial cells from the lateral surface, changes in the morphology of this epithelium, increase in mucous production and processes involved in cell elimination and renovation. The damages found in animals from sites B and C were considered as adaptations to the exposition to pollutants. The lack of difference between animals from sites B and C were related with the distance between animals and sediment. In conclusion, this study confirm that sediments act as a deposition site for pollutants and alert the authorities for the manner of dealing with this sediment... (Complete abstract click eletronic access below)
The Santos estuary which is located in São Paulo, Brazil, was considered one of the major examples of coastal degradation. Nowadays the quality of this environment has improved, but the sediment and the biota are still contaminated. Bivalve mollusks are sedentary, filter-feeding invertebrates that have been widely used to monitor aquatic habitats. Mytella falcata is very common in tropical areas and lives buried in the sediment. In this study, the mussel Mytella falcata, from three sites of Santos estuary, were analyzed; the three sites presented different levels of harmful substances. The aim of this analysis was to characterize the animals that live in this area. The techniques applied were the comet assay, micronucleus test and histopathological analysis of the gill filaments, including the histochemistry and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Laboratory tests demonstrated that the species can be used as bioindicator. The analyzed specimens from sites B and C, showed higher levels of DNA damage when compared to those from site A. The micronucleus test presented no difference between the three sites. Mytella falcata gill filaments showed high similarity to other Mytilidae species. The histopathological analysis demonstrated some alterations in sites B and C. The major alterations were the detachment of epithelial cells from the lateral surface, changes in the morphology of this epithelium, increase in mucous production and processes involved in cell elimination and renovation. The damages found in animals from sites B and C were considered as adaptations to the exposition to pollutants. The lack of difference between animals from sites B and C were related with the distance between animals and sediment. In conclusion, this study confirm that sediments act as a deposition site for pollutants and alert the authorities for the manner of dealing with this sediment... (Complete abstract click eletronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Molusco, Histologia, Microscopia eletronica, Mollusks
Como citar
DAVID, José Augusto de Oliveira. Estudo de Mytella falcata (Mollusca, Bivalvia) como indicadora de efeitos genotóxicos e citotóxicos no estuário de Santos, SP. 2007. iii, 205 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2007.