A glândula metapleural e suas secreções em formigas cultivadoras (Attini) e não cultivadoras de fungos (Myrmicini, Blepharidattini e Ectatommini) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
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2012-07-02
Autores
Vieira, Alexsandro Santana [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A glândula metapleural é um órgão exclusivo das formigas e sua principal função seria a de produzir secreções antibióticas. O objetivo foi de investigar e comparar as possíveis modificações na morfologia interna da glândula metapleural, assim como a composição química das suas secreções nas formigas cultivadoras (Attini) e não cultivadoras de fungos (Ectatommini, Blepharidattini e Myrmicini). Ficou demonstrado que a glândula metapleural nos grupos Ectatommini, Myrmicini, Blepharidatiini e Attini (basal e derivada), apresentam suas porções: secretora formada por várias células secretoras, e armazenadora (reservatório), conectadas entre si por meio de canalículos (intra e extracitoplasmáticos). As Attini derivadas e basais (cultivadoras de fungos) diferiram das não cultivadoras de fungos, por possuírem as células secretoras com forma oval. Ainda, as células secretoras da glândula metapleural das formigas cortadeiras apresentaram muitas mitocôndrias próximas as microvilosidades da porção intracitoplasmática do canalículo, ao contrário dos outros grupos, aqui estudado. A glândula metapleural das formigas não cultivadoras de fungos (Ectatommini, Mymicini e Blepharidattini) e a das atine basais possuem menor número de células secretoras do que aquelas das atines derivadas. Nas formigas cortadeiras, também, a glândula metapleural teve mais agrupamentos de células secretoras e placas perfuradas na câmara coletora. Morfometricamente o diâmetro do reservatório foi proporcional ao tamanho do corpo das operárias mínimas, médias e maiores de Atta laevigata, porém, o estudo ultraestrutural das glândulas metapleurais desta espécie indicou que as operárias mínimas seriam as responsáveis por produzirem maior variedade de secreções quando comparadas as médias e as maiores...
The metapleural gland is an organ exclusive to ants. Its main role is to produce antimicrobial secretions. The aimed was investigating and comparing the possible changes in the internal morphology of metapleural gland, as well as the chemical composition of secretions in fungus-growing (Attini) and non-fungus-growing ants (Ectatommini, Blepharidattini and Myrmicini). The metapleural gland of the groups Ectatommini, Myrmicini, Blepharidatiini and Attini (basal and derived), exhibited secretory portion formed by many secretory cells, and the storage (reservoir) units connected by canaliculi (intra and extracytoplasmic). Derived and basal attines (fungus-growing ants) differed from non-fungus-growing ants by the presence of oval secretory cells. Also, the secretory cells of the metapleural gland of leafcutting ants exhibited many mitochondria near microvilli of the intracytoplasmic portion of the canaliculus, unlike other groups examined in this study. The metapleural gland of nonfungus- growing ants (Ectatommini, Mymicini, and Blepharidattini) and basal attines contained fewer secretory cells than derived attines. In leaf-cutting ants, the metapleural gland exhibited more clusters of secretory cells and sieve plates in the collecting chamber. The diameter of the reservoir was morphometrically proportional to the body size of minor, medium, and major workers of Atta laevigata. However, the ultrastructural analysis of the metapleural gland of this species revealed that minor workers may be responsible for producing a greater variety of secretions compared to medium and major workers, due to the presence of a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and strongly stained secretion granules for lipids and polysaccharides. The secretion produced by the metapleural glands of all ant groups examined in this study consisted of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The metapleural gland is an organ exclusive to ants. Its main role is to produce antimicrobial secretions. The aimed was investigating and comparing the possible changes in the internal morphology of metapleural gland, as well as the chemical composition of secretions in fungus-growing (Attini) and non-fungus-growing ants (Ectatommini, Blepharidattini and Myrmicini). The metapleural gland of the groups Ectatommini, Myrmicini, Blepharidatiini and Attini (basal and derived), exhibited secretory portion formed by many secretory cells, and the storage (reservoir) units connected by canaliculi (intra and extracytoplasmic). Derived and basal attines (fungus-growing ants) differed from non-fungus-growing ants by the presence of oval secretory cells. Also, the secretory cells of the metapleural gland of leafcutting ants exhibited many mitochondria near microvilli of the intracytoplasmic portion of the canaliculus, unlike other groups examined in this study. The metapleural gland of nonfungus- growing ants (Ectatommini, Mymicini, and Blepharidattini) and basal attines contained fewer secretory cells than derived attines. In leaf-cutting ants, the metapleural gland exhibited more clusters of secretory cells and sieve plates in the collecting chamber. The diameter of the reservoir was morphometrically proportional to the body size of minor, medium, and major workers of Atta laevigata. However, the ultrastructural analysis of the metapleural gland of this species revealed that minor workers may be responsible for producing a greater variety of secretions compared to medium and major workers, due to the presence of a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and strongly stained secretion granules for lipids and polysaccharides. The secretion produced by the metapleural glands of all ant groups examined in this study consisted of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Palavras-chave
Formiga-cortadeira, Histoquimica, Quimica analitica, Espectrometria de massa, Glandulas - Secreções, Morfologia (Biologia)
Como citar
VIEIRA, Alexsandro Santana. A glândula metapleural e suas secreções em formigas cultivadoras (Attini) e não cultivadoras de fungos (Myrmicini, Blepharidattini e Ectatommini) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). 2012. 188 f. Tese - (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2012.