Estudo ultra-estrutural e citoquímico da relação entre o desenvolvimento da musculatura do vôo e a demanda por vôo dos componentes de colônias de abelhas eussociais
Data
2008-10-17
Autores
Winckler, Fernanda Fernandez [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Apini e Meliponini são tribos compostas por espécies de abelhas classificadas como eussociais avançadas e, portanto, apresentam divisão de trabalho reprodutivo entre as castas femininas e complexas adaptações comportamentais, adquiridas durante a evolução pelas operárias, para desempenhar as tarefas relativas à manutenção da colônia. A capacidade de voar dos adultos destes insetos está intrinsecamente ligada à maioria de suas atividades como o vôo nupcial para o acasalamento no caso das rainhas e machos e a exploração de novo habitat, fontes de alimentos e estabelecimento de novos ninhos no caso das operárias. Tanto em Apis mellifera, quanto em Scaptotrigona postica, o vôo é realizado por músculos denominados músculos indiretos do vôo por não apresentarem ligação direta com as asas. A contração desses músculos produz mudanças de volume no tórax e indiretamente, o movimento das asas. O objetivo deste projeto foi realizar medidas das fibras desse músculo em cada indivíduo e em cada fase da vida, aplicando aos resultados teste estatístico apropriado para verificar possíveis diferenças de desenvolvimento que possam ser relacionadas à função muscular e comparar a ultraestrutura e citoquímica da musculatura do vôo das castas femininas (rainhas e operárias) e machos em diferentes fases da vida, tendo em vista as diferenças comportamentais e fisiológicas entre as classes de indivíduos das duas espécies. O exame da musculatura do vôo, tanto com microscopia de luz como com microscopia eletrônica de varredura e transmissão, mostrou que o arranjo e a morfologia dos feixes musculares e das fibras que os compõe são similares nas duas espécies, no entanto os feixes musculares de Apis mellifera são formados por número maior de fibras. Medições das larguras das fibras mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significante entre as fases da vida...
Apini and Meliponini are tribes composed of species of advanced eusocial bees and therefore present division of reproductive labor between females and complex behavioral adaptations, acquired during the evolution by workers, to attend the responsibilities for the maintenance of the colony. The ability of adults to fly is intrinsically linked to most of their activities as the nuptial flight for mating in the case of queens and males and exploitation of new habitat, sources of food and establishment of new nests in the case of workers. Both in Apis mellifera, as in Scaptotrigona postica, the flight is accomplished by muscles called indirect flight muscles by not make a direct connection with the wings. The contraction of muscles produces changes in volume in the torax and indirectly, movement of the wings. The objective of this project was to perform measurements of muscle fibers from every individual in every stage of life, applying the appropriate statistical test to results in order determine possible differences in development that may be related to muscle function. Alsoo compare the ultra-structure of and cytochemistry of workers, queens and males flight muscle at different stages of life, with the behavioral and physiological differences between the classes of individuals of the two species. The examination of the muscles of the flight, both with light microscopy, and with scanning and transmission electron microscopy, showed that the arrangement and morphology of the muscle fibers bundles arrangement is similar in the two species, however the muscle bundles of Apis mellifera are formed by larger number of musclefibres. Measurements of the width of the fibers showed statistically significant differences between the life phases of the colonies components and between species. Similarly the ultra-structural examination showed that workers of both species emerge with... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Apini and Meliponini are tribes composed of species of advanced eusocial bees and therefore present division of reproductive labor between females and complex behavioral adaptations, acquired during the evolution by workers, to attend the responsibilities for the maintenance of the colony. The ability of adults to fly is intrinsically linked to most of their activities as the nuptial flight for mating in the case of queens and males and exploitation of new habitat, sources of food and establishment of new nests in the case of workers. Both in Apis mellifera, as in Scaptotrigona postica, the flight is accomplished by muscles called indirect flight muscles by not make a direct connection with the wings. The contraction of muscles produces changes in volume in the torax and indirectly, movement of the wings. The objective of this project was to perform measurements of muscle fibers from every individual in every stage of life, applying the appropriate statistical test to results in order determine possible differences in development that may be related to muscle function. Alsoo compare the ultra-structure of and cytochemistry of workers, queens and males flight muscle at different stages of life, with the behavioral and physiological differences between the classes of individuals of the two species. The examination of the muscles of the flight, both with light microscopy, and with scanning and transmission electron microscopy, showed that the arrangement and morphology of the muscle fibers bundles arrangement is similar in the two species, however the muscle bundles of Apis mellifera are formed by larger number of musclefibres. Measurements of the width of the fibers showed statistically significant differences between the life phases of the colonies components and between species. Similarly the ultra-structural examination showed that workers of both species emerge with... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Abelha, Himenoptero, Musculos, Músculos indiretos, Meliponini, Bee, Indirect flight muscles
Como citar
WINCKLER, Fernanda Fernandez. Estudo ultra-estrutural e citoquímico da relação entre o desenvolvimento da musculatura do vôo e a demanda por vôo dos componentes de colônias de abelhas eussociais. 2008. 103 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2008.