Estudo agroambiental de uma microbacia hidrográfica, visando sua sustentabilidade
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Data
2009-11-20
Autores
Santos, André Ferreira dos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A expansão das atividades agrosilvopastoris, de forma desordenada e sem a consideração das limitações do uso das terras rurais, gera a degradação dos recursos naturais, como o solo, a água e a vegetação, trazendo consequências, impactantes ao meio ambiente e a alteração da paisagem rural. O presente estudo teve como objetivo fazer o diagnóstico físico-econômico-ambiental, de uma bacia hidrográfica, levantando dados da intervenção e ocupação antrópica da área, visando sua sustentabilidade ambiental. A bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Faxinal, objeto desse estudo, se localiza na porção oeste do município de Botucatu-SP, circunscrita entre as coordenadas geográficas: 22o 51’ 35’’ e 22o 57’ 02’’ de latitude S e 48o 39’ 42’’ e 48o 38’ 01’’ de longitude W. de Greenwich, apresentando uma área total de 5.128 ha. Para melhor desenvolvimento do estudo, a bacia foi subdividida em 9 subunidades, sendo oito de segunda ordem e um de terceira ordem de ramificação. O diagnóstico físico conservacionista, das subunidades foi realizado com as técnicas de geoprocessamento, criando assim, um conjunto de planos de informações (mapas), que foram integralizados, através das informações executadas pelo Sistema de Informações Geográficas Idrisi, de modo a reunir dados sobre o uso e ocupação do solo. Foram gerados os mapas de cobertura vegetal, hidrografia, classes de declividade, e outros. O diagnóstico sócio econômico e ambiental foi realizado através de observações in loco e de entrevistas (questionário) com os agricultores das subunidades. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram, que das nove subunidades estudadas da bacia do Faxinal, a subunidade VI foi a que se apresentou como a mais degradada, elevado índice de deterioração ambiental, enquanto que a subunidade IX teve índices menores e por consequencia, menos degradada, em relação às demais subunidades
Expansion of agricultural practice, cattle raising and forestry, in a disorderly way and without considering the limitations of the use of rural land, generates the degradation of natural resources such as soil, water and vegetation. That fact brings consequences, impacting the environment and altering the rural landscape. This study aimed to diagnose physical and economic environment of a watershed, gathering data from intervention and human occupation of the area, in order to achieve its environmental sustainability. The hydrographic watershed of Faxinal creek, object of this study, is located in western Botucatu, state of São Paulo, between the geographical coordinates: 22º 51’ 35” and 22º 57’ 02” – Latitude S ; 48º 39’ 42” and 48º 38’ 01” – Longitude W, from Greenwich, with a total area of 5128 ha. For better development of the study, the basin was subdivided into 9 subunits, being eight from second and one from third-order branch. The diagnosis of the physical conservationist deterioration of the subunits was carried out with geospatial technologies, thus creating a set of information plans (maps). These ones were integrated through the information carried by Geographical Information System – IDRISI, in order to gather data on the use and occupation of the soil. The maps of vegetation, hydrography and slope were generated, among others. The environmental-socio-economic diagnosis was accomplished through on-site observations and interviews (questionnaire), with farmers in subunits. The results showed that from those nine subunits, studied at the hydrographic watershed of Faxinal creek, subunit VI was presented as the most degraded, with a high degree of environmental deterioration. On the other hand, subunit IX had lower rates and, consequently, less degraded if compared to other subunits
Expansion of agricultural practice, cattle raising and forestry, in a disorderly way and without considering the limitations of the use of rural land, generates the degradation of natural resources such as soil, water and vegetation. That fact brings consequences, impacting the environment and altering the rural landscape. This study aimed to diagnose physical and economic environment of a watershed, gathering data from intervention and human occupation of the area, in order to achieve its environmental sustainability. The hydrographic watershed of Faxinal creek, object of this study, is located in western Botucatu, state of São Paulo, between the geographical coordinates: 22º 51’ 35” and 22º 57’ 02” – Latitude S ; 48º 39’ 42” and 48º 38’ 01” – Longitude W, from Greenwich, with a total area of 5128 ha. For better development of the study, the basin was subdivided into 9 subunits, being eight from second and one from third-order branch. The diagnosis of the physical conservationist deterioration of the subunits was carried out with geospatial technologies, thus creating a set of information plans (maps). These ones were integrated through the information carried by Geographical Information System – IDRISI, in order to gather data on the use and occupation of the soil. The maps of vegetation, hydrography and slope were generated, among others. The environmental-socio-economic diagnosis was accomplished through on-site observations and interviews (questionnaire), with farmers in subunits. The results showed that from those nine subunits, studied at the hydrographic watershed of Faxinal creek, subunit VI was presented as the most degraded, with a high degree of environmental deterioration. On the other hand, subunit IX had lower rates and, consequently, less degraded if compared to other subunits
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bacias hidrograficas, Sistemas de informação geografica, Microbacias Hidrográficas, Estudo agroambiental, Watershed, Environmental study, Geographic information systems
Como citar
SANTOS, André Ferreira dos. Estudo agroambiental de uma microbacia hidrográfica, visando sua sustentabilidade. 2009. v, 93 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2009.