Tracoma em crianças do Ensino Fundamental do município de Bauru - Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
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Data
2006-09-22
Autores
Ferraz, Lucieni Cristina Barbarini [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Tendo em vista que o Tracoma é causa de cegueira e que há cinco anos não havia nenhum caso notificado no Município de Bauru - São Paulo, foi realizado o presente estudo que teve por objetivo determinar a prevalência de tracoma e as características de seus portadores, assim como estabelecer um programa de controle da doença para Bauru. Material e método: foi realizado um estudo transversal, aleatorizado, nas escolas estaduais de Bauru, São Paulo. Foram examinadas 1749 crianças do ensino fundamental, de 6 a 14 anos, durante o ano de 2005. As escolas foram escolhidas por sorteio, de acordo com o número de estudantes e de acordo com a localização dentro do setor da cidade (centro, região intermediária e periferia). O diagnóstico dos casos foi clínico, seguindo as normas da Organização Mundial de Saúde, confirmado laboratorialmente em três pacientes que apresentavam o diagnóstico de Tracoma folicular, pelo método da imunofluorescência indireta para detecção de Chlamydia trachomatis. A associação entre presença de doença e características dos portadores foi feita usando o teste de Goodman, teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis e estatística descritiva. Todos os casos foram tratados com azitromicina oral, em dose única, e foram acompanhados periodicamente. Resultados: A prevalência de Tracoma inflamatório foi de 3,77%, tendo sido diagnosticado Tracoma folicular em 3,71% e Tracoma intenso em 0,06% das crianças examinadas. As crianças com Tracoma moravam principalmente na região intermediária e periférica da cidade, áreas onde o fornecimento de água pode ser descontínuo e o tratamento do esgoto pode estar ausente. Meninos e meninas foram acometidos de forma semelhante. Prurido e ardor ocular foram sintomas que estavam relacionados com a presença da doença. Foram detectados 175 comunicantes com o diagnóstico...
Trachoma is one of cause of blindness. The last five years there were no cases detected in Bauru, São Paulo. The purpose of this study aimed to determine the prevalence of trachoma in schoolchildren in Bauru and to establish a control program of this disease in Bauru. Material and methods: A transversal random study was carried out in state schools of Bauru, São Paulo. One thousand seven hundred and forty nine children were examined at fundamental classes, between six to fourteen years old during the year 2005. The schools were chosen by random, according to the number of scholar children and the school region and it was represented by section of the city (downtown, middle and periphery). The diagnosis of the cases was clinical, it was according to the World Health Organization protocol, and three patients with clinical follicular trachoma had laboratory confirmation. The laboratory technique chosen was direct smear fluorescent antibodies cytology for Chlamydia trachomatis. The association study among trachoma and relatives variables was done by Goodman test, Kruskal-Wallis test and descriptive statistics. All cases were treated with Azitromycin orally and they had followed up periodically. Results: The sample was composed of 1749 children and the trachoma prevalence was 3,77%. Follicular trachoma was diagnosed in 3,71% of children, and intense trachoma in one child (0,06%). The children with trachoma were living mainly in the middle and periphery region of the city, regions with discontinuous water supply and absent sewerage system. Itching and burning were complains more related to trachoma. One hundred and seventy five contacts were found and were clinic diagnostic with the disease. Conclusion: The Trachoma prevalence in Bauru - São Paulo State is 3,77%. A control program is development to treat ant detect the contacts. This way, there was a bauruense community mobilization to prevent Trachoma blindness in the municipal district.
Trachoma is one of cause of blindness. The last five years there were no cases detected in Bauru, São Paulo. The purpose of this study aimed to determine the prevalence of trachoma in schoolchildren in Bauru and to establish a control program of this disease in Bauru. Material and methods: A transversal random study was carried out in state schools of Bauru, São Paulo. One thousand seven hundred and forty nine children were examined at fundamental classes, between six to fourteen years old during the year 2005. The schools were chosen by random, according to the number of scholar children and the school region and it was represented by section of the city (downtown, middle and periphery). The diagnosis of the cases was clinical, it was according to the World Health Organization protocol, and three patients with clinical follicular trachoma had laboratory confirmation. The laboratory technique chosen was direct smear fluorescent antibodies cytology for Chlamydia trachomatis. The association study among trachoma and relatives variables was done by Goodman test, Kruskal-Wallis test and descriptive statistics. All cases were treated with Azitromycin orally and they had followed up periodically. Results: The sample was composed of 1749 children and the trachoma prevalence was 3,77%. Follicular trachoma was diagnosed in 3,71% of children, and intense trachoma in one child (0,06%). The children with trachoma were living mainly in the middle and periphery region of the city, regions with discontinuous water supply and absent sewerage system. Itching and burning were complains more related to trachoma. One hundred and seventy five contacts were found and were clinic diagnostic with the disease. Conclusion: The Trachoma prevalence in Bauru - São Paulo State is 3,77%. A control program is development to treat ant detect the contacts. This way, there was a bauruense community mobilization to prevent Trachoma blindness in the municipal district.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Conjuntivite - Prevenção, Tracoma, Cegueira - Prevenção, Trachoma, Blindness - Prevention
Como citar
FERRAZ, Lucieni Cristina Barbarini. Tracoma em crianças do Ensino Fundamental do município de Bauru - Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. 2006. 126 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, 2006.