Perda de carga em mangueiras gotejadoras novas, usadas e com emissores entupidos
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Data
2010-12-10
Autores
Laperuta Neto, Jayme [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A irrigação localizada tem como características principais a economia e um alto grau de uniformidade de distribuição de água. A irrigação localizada por gotejamento tem como componente principal os gotejadores que se encontram inseridos nas linhas laterais de gotejamento e são os grandes responsáveis pela economia de água e pela uniformidade de distribuição de água. Contudo, apesar dessas vantagens, esse sistema é também suscetível a uma série de fatores que alteram seu funcionamento, afetando a uniformidade de distribuição de água, conseqüentemente prejudicando a cultura, refletindo no lucro do produtor. Um desses fatores que afetam o funcionamento dos emissores é o depósito de partículas provenientes da água utilizada para irrigação. Essas partículas influenciam na variação da perda de carga mangueira da mangueira gotejadora. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a perda de carga em três modelos de mangueiras gotejadoras, duas com emissores coaxiais e uma com emissores nãocoaxiais, encontradas comercialmente em três condições distintas, quando novas, após 500 horas de uso com uma água rica em ferro e com emissores totalmente entupidos. O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de ensaios de equipamentos de irrigação do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” – Campus de Botucatu, São Paulo. Primeiramente foram executados ensaios para obtenção do diâmetro interno, espessura da parede, área da seção do tubo com emissor inserido e vazão média das mangueiras gotejadoras, com base nas normas ISO 9261:2004 e NBR 12:02.08-21/1986, características essas importantíssimas, pois influenciam diretamente na perda de carga das mangueiras gotejadoras. Com base nesses ensaios, verificou-se que os valores encontrados e suas variações estavam dentro...
The main characteristics of localized irrigation are the economy and high uniformity of water distribution. In drip irrigation the main component are the emitters placed on the side of drip lines largely responsible for saving water, and the uniformity of water distribution. Despite these advantages, this system is also susceptible to a number of factors that affect its operation, affecting the uniformity of water distribution, causing damage to the culture, reflecting the profit of the producer. One of those factors that affect the operation of the emitters is the deposit of particles from the water used for irrigation. These particles cause wear of the walls of the drip lines and emitters and can lead to clogging. This study aimed to evaluate the head loss in three models of drip lines commercially available in three different conditions, when new, after 500 hours of use with rich iron water, and with clogged emitters. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory testing of irrigation equipment at the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - Campus de Botucatu, São Paulo. First tests were performed to obtain the constructive characteristics of drip lines, based on ISO 9261:2004 and NBR 12:02.08-21/1986, all important characteristics that affects directly the pressure drop of drip lines. Based on these results, it was found that the values and their variations were within the values established by standard, showing good quality in the manufacture of these drip lines. After that, the main head loss and local head loss in sites established in the sidelines of these drip lines were obtained. Based on these results it was found that the equations showed in the literature still needs adjustments with respect to the conditions that were subjected the drip lines. It was found that the non-coaxial... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The main characteristics of localized irrigation are the economy and high uniformity of water distribution. In drip irrigation the main component are the emitters placed on the side of drip lines largely responsible for saving water, and the uniformity of water distribution. Despite these advantages, this system is also susceptible to a number of factors that affect its operation, affecting the uniformity of water distribution, causing damage to the culture, reflecting the profit of the producer. One of those factors that affect the operation of the emitters is the deposit of particles from the water used for irrigation. These particles cause wear of the walls of the drip lines and emitters and can lead to clogging. This study aimed to evaluate the head loss in three models of drip lines commercially available in three different conditions, when new, after 500 hours of use with rich iron water, and with clogged emitters. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory testing of irrigation equipment at the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - Campus de Botucatu, São Paulo. First tests were performed to obtain the constructive characteristics of drip lines, based on ISO 9261:2004 and NBR 12:02.08-21/1986, all important characteristics that affects directly the pressure drop of drip lines. Based on these results, it was found that the values and their variations were within the values established by standard, showing good quality in the manufacture of these drip lines. After that, the main head loss and local head loss in sites established in the sidelines of these drip lines were obtained. Based on these results it was found that the equations showed in the literature still needs adjustments with respect to the conditions that were subjected the drip lines. It was found that the non-coaxial... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Irrigação por gotejamento, Irrigação na agricultura, Localized irrigation, Loss of localized head, Clogged emitters
Como citar
LAPERUTA NETO, Jayme. Perda de carga em mangueiras gotejadoras novas, usadas e com emissores entupidos. 2010. xviii, 123 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2010.