Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde: fatores associados ao nível sérico de vancomicina e impacto do ajuste de dose sobre o prognóstico de pacientes adultos internados no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu
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Data
2016-08-01
Autores
Oliveira, Juliana da Silva [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivos: Questionamentos têm sido lançados sobre a eficácia das formulações genéricas de vancomicina, empregadas com frequência nos países em desenvolvimento. No entanto, a grande disponibilidade de testes para monitorar a concentração de vancomicina no soro tornou possível ajustar as doses, a fim de melhorar os resultados. Nosso estudo teve como objetivo descrever os padrões de prescrição e monitorização de dose sérica de vancomicina genérica em um hospital brasileiro. Estávamos especialmente interessados no impacto desses parâmetros sobre o prognóstico de pacientes. Métodos: Uma coorte retrospectiva de 513 pacientes adultos que foram tratados com vancomicina em 2014 foi estudada. Desfechos de interesse foram: (a) atingir concentrações séricas mínimas sub-ótimas na primeira ocasião de monitoramento e (b) morte dentro de 30 dias da introdução vancomicina. A análise multivariada (regressão logística e de Cox) foi aplicada. Resultados: Menos de 25% dos indivíduos alcançaram concentração sérica mínima ótima (15-20 mg/L), mesmo depois de cinco testes e ajustes posológicos. No entanto, a soma dos indivíduos que apresentaram concentrações ideais e altas foi predominante em cada teste. Doença renal (OR = 4,86, IC95% = 2,05-11,53, P <0,001) e dose diária (OR para mg/kg = 1,04, IC95% = 1,01-1,07, P = 0,01) foram positivamente associada com níveis mais elevados de vancomicina. Além disso, indivíduos mais jovens eram menos propensos a apresentar baixa concentração sérica. Na análise de sobrevivência, as concentrações ideais foram associadas com melhores desfechos, mas apenas aqueles com níveis elevados apresentaram aumento significativo do risco (HR = 1,80, IC95% = 1,05-3,07, P = 0,03). Conclusão: Os resultados alertam para riscos de toxicidade com altas concentrações de vancomicina. O ajuste fino da posologia (por exemplo, com infusão contínua) pode contribuir para melhorar a segurança e eficácia.
Objectives: Concerns have been raised about generic formulations of vancomycin – especially in developing countries – but the wide availability of tests for monitoring serum vancomycin concentration made it possible to adjust doses in order to improve outcomes. We aimed at describing patterns of generic vancomycin prescription and monitoring in a Brazilian hospital and their impact on outcomes. Methods: A cohort of 513 adult patients who were treated with vancomycin in year 2014 was retrospectively studied. Outcomes of interest were achieving suboptimal serum trough concentrations in the first serum monitoring and death within 30 days of vancomycin introduction. Multivariable analysis (logistic and Cox regression was applied) Results: Less than 25% of subjects achieved optimal (15-20 mg/L) trough concentrations, even after five tests and dosing adjustments. However, the sum of subjects presenting optimal and high concentrations was predominant in each and every test. Renal disease (OR=4.86, 95%CI=2.05-11.53, P<0.001) and daily dosing (OR for mg/kg =1.04, IC95%=1.01-1.07, P=0.01) were positively associated with higher vancomycin levels. Additionally, younger subjects were less likely to present lower serum concentration. In survival analysis, optimal concentrations were associated with better outcomes, but only those with high levels presented significantly increased risk (HR=1.80, 95%CI=1.05-3.07, P=0.03). Conclusion: Our results warn about risks of toxicity with high concentrations of vancomycin. Fine adjustment of posology (e.g., with continuous infusion) may contribute to improve safety and efficacy.
Objectives: Concerns have been raised about generic formulations of vancomycin – especially in developing countries – but the wide availability of tests for monitoring serum vancomycin concentration made it possible to adjust doses in order to improve outcomes. We aimed at describing patterns of generic vancomycin prescription and monitoring in a Brazilian hospital and their impact on outcomes. Methods: A cohort of 513 adult patients who were treated with vancomycin in year 2014 was retrospectively studied. Outcomes of interest were achieving suboptimal serum trough concentrations in the first serum monitoring and death within 30 days of vancomycin introduction. Multivariable analysis (logistic and Cox regression was applied) Results: Less than 25% of subjects achieved optimal (15-20 mg/L) trough concentrations, even after five tests and dosing adjustments. However, the sum of subjects presenting optimal and high concentrations was predominant in each and every test. Renal disease (OR=4.86, 95%CI=2.05-11.53, P<0.001) and daily dosing (OR for mg/kg =1.04, IC95%=1.01-1.07, P=0.01) were positively associated with higher vancomycin levels. Additionally, younger subjects were less likely to present lower serum concentration. In survival analysis, optimal concentrations were associated with better outcomes, but only those with high levels presented significantly increased risk (HR=1.80, 95%CI=1.05-3.07, P=0.03). Conclusion: Our results warn about risks of toxicity with high concentrations of vancomycin. Fine adjustment of posology (e.g., with continuous infusion) may contribute to improve safety and efficacy.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Vancomicina, Farmacocinética, Farmacodinâmica, Prognóstico, Vancomycin, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Outcome