Não se ensina filosofia, se ensina a filosofar: a controversa presença da história da filosofia na formação docente
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Data
2016-03-09
Autores
Silva, Éliton Dias da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A pesquisa apresentada nesta dissertação tem sua constituição a partir da controversa presença da história da filosofia em nossa experiência de formação docente na universidade, bem como enquanto professor na educação básica, quando buscamos demarcar o espaço que a história da filosofia deve ocupar no ensino de filosofia e não encontramos suficiente amparo nos Parâmetros e nas Orientações Curriculares Nacionais. Desse modo, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal compreender os elementos que tencionam a relação entre a história da filosofia e o filosofar no âmbito do ensino de filosofia. A metodologia de investigação se deu a partir de dois movimentos principais: 1) Estabelecer um resgate histórico de nossa experiência formativa na universidade e analisar os documentos que orientam o ensino de filosofia na educação básica de modo a levantar os aspectos problemáticos da história da filosofia na prática de ensino; 2) Realizar uma análise e reconstituição histórico/conceitual da tradição historiográfica francesa e, posteriormente, do estruturalismo e de seu impacto na tradição de ensino filosófico no Brasil para diagnosticar qual aspecto desta tradição a torna tão suscetível a críticas e motivo de polêmica. Verificamos que a relação entre a história da filosofia e o pensamento de Kant aparece como elemento, ao mesmo tempo estruturante e desestabilizador, presente em todos os três momentos distintos analisados: entre os historiadores franceses do século XIX, nas diretrizes elaboradas por Jean Maugüé sobre o ensino de Filosofia para a Universidade de São Paulo e no pensamento dos filósofos estruturalistas das décadas de 1950 e 1960. A conclusão que chegamos é que, a fim de esclarecer aspectos problemáticos diagnosticados no discurso sobre o Ensino de Filosofia, a relação entre o pensamento de Kant e a história da filosofia precisa novamente ser colocada em revista.
The research presented in this thesis has its constitution from the controversial presence of the History of Philosophy in teacher education of the experience of the degree in Philosophy, as well as insufficient support of continuing education, provided through the parameters and the National Curriculum Guidelines, to demarcate the space that the history of philosophy should occupy in the Philosophy Teaching. Thus, this study aims to understand the elements that tense the relationship between the history of philosophy and philosophizing in the Philosophy Teaching. The research methodology is made from two main movements: 1) Establish a historic rescue of our formative experience at university and in the documents that guide the teaching of philosophy in basic education in order to raise the problematic aspects of the history of philosophy in practice education. 2) Make an analysis and historical / conceptual reconstruction of the French historiographical tradition and later of the structuralism and its impact on the philosophical tradition of teaching in Brazil to diagnose what aspect of this tradition makes it so susceptible to criticism and cause for controversy. From this, it was found the initial hypothesis that the relationship between history of philosophy and the thought of Kant appears as an element the same structuring time and this destabilizing in all three moments analyzed: among French historians of the nineteenth century, the guidelines developed by Jean Maugüé on teaching philosophy to the University of São Paulo and in the thinking of structuralist philosophers of the 1950s and 1960. Thus, we conclude that, in order to clarify confusing aspects that are manifested in the discourse on education philosophy, the relationship between Kant’s thought and the history of philosophy must again be placed in the review.
The research presented in this thesis has its constitution from the controversial presence of the History of Philosophy in teacher education of the experience of the degree in Philosophy, as well as insufficient support of continuing education, provided through the parameters and the National Curriculum Guidelines, to demarcate the space that the history of philosophy should occupy in the Philosophy Teaching. Thus, this study aims to understand the elements that tense the relationship between the history of philosophy and philosophizing in the Philosophy Teaching. The research methodology is made from two main movements: 1) Establish a historic rescue of our formative experience at university and in the documents that guide the teaching of philosophy in basic education in order to raise the problematic aspects of the history of philosophy in practice education. 2) Make an analysis and historical / conceptual reconstruction of the French historiographical tradition and later of the structuralism and its impact on the philosophical tradition of teaching in Brazil to diagnose what aspect of this tradition makes it so susceptible to criticism and cause for controversy. From this, it was found the initial hypothesis that the relationship between history of philosophy and the thought of Kant appears as an element the same structuring time and this destabilizing in all three moments analyzed: among French historians of the nineteenth century, the guidelines developed by Jean Maugüé on teaching philosophy to the University of São Paulo and in the thinking of structuralist philosophers of the 1950s and 1960. Thus, we conclude that, in order to clarify confusing aspects that are manifested in the discourse on education philosophy, the relationship between Kant’s thought and the history of philosophy must again be placed in the review.
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Palavras-chave
Ensino de filosofia, História da filosofia, Estruturalismo, Kant, Formação docente, Philosophy teaching, History of philosophy, Structuralism, Teacher education