Desempenho biológico de indivíduos solitários e gregários de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) em diferentes densidades do hospedeiro Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton, 1866) (Lep.: Pyralidae)
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Data
2016-10-11
Autores
Cardoso, Warner Gasparini [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este estudo objetivou determinar a influência de diferentes razões de número de ovos de Corcyra cephalonica, no desenvolvimento gregário e solitário de Trichogramma pretiosum, bem como avaliar os desempenhos biológicos e morfométricos de insetos que se desenvolveram de forma solitária e gregária. Foram oferecidas a uma fêmea de T. pretiosum, quatro diferentes densidades de ovos do hospedeiro alternativo C. cephalonica separadamente (5, 10, 20 e 30) por três dias consecutivos (dias 1, 2 e 3). Colocou-se uma fêmea, em tubo cilíndrico de fundo chato (8 cm × 2 cm), em contato com uma cartela contendo ovos do hospedeiro e uma gotícula de mel como alimento. A cartela foi trocada diariamente até a fêmea completar o terceiro dia de vida. Foram avaliadas as porcentagens de parasitismo, emergência de ovos parasitados, e o número de adultos emergidos por ovo, para cada uma das densidades. Em outra etapa, foram realizados testes com os descendentes de T. pretiosum provenientes da emergência de adultos solitários e gregários. Foi oferecido um único ovo hospedeiro exposto à oviposição por 1 dia, para uma única fêmea parasitoide, e individualizado em tubo de plástico (7,5 cm × 1 cm) contendo uma gotícula de mel. Foram avaliadas as porcentagens de parasitismo, de emergência e a longevidade de adultos, além de parâmetros morfométricos dos descendentes gregários e solitários. A relação mais baixa de hospedeiros apresentou 90% de ovos parasitados com a fêmea na idade de um dia, sendo que 68,7% destes emergiram. O desenvolvimento de até dois indivíduos por ovo hospedeiro foi observado em todas as densidades durante os três dias de oferta de ovos, sendo que a emergência de um indivíduo foi predominante. Adultos que emergiram solitários parasitam 20,5% a mais que gregários e a longevidade de ambos não diferiu significativamente. O tamanho do corpo e da tíbia posterior diferiu significativamente, sendo 0,09 mm e 0,03 mm respectivamente, sendo maiores em adultos solitários. Das diferentes densidades de hospedeiros, foi possível obter significativamente, na menor razão, mais adultos emergindo de um ovo de C. cephalonica, com os mesmos apresentando desempenhos biológicos e morfométricos diferenciados. Ressalta-se que essa condição pode ser negativa nas criações massais que utilizem esse hospedeiro alternativo, visto que efeitos antagônicos podem se apresentar às necessidades das biofábricas em produzir parasitoides com características biológicas efetivas em garantir o sucesso de programas de controle biológico inundativos.
This study aimed to determine the influence of different reasons of Corcyra cephalonica eggs, in gregarious and solitary development of Trichogramma pretiosum and evaluate the biological and morphometric performances of these. We were offered to one female parasitoids, four different densities of eggs of the factitious host C. cephalonica (5, 10, 20 and 30) for three days consecutive (days 1, 2 and 3). The female was placed in cylindrical tube (8 cm × 2 cm) in contact with a paperboard containing eggs of the host and a droplet of honey as food. This paperback was changed daily until the female complete the third day of life. The parasitism were evaluated, emergency of parasitized eggs and the number of emerged adults per egg for each offered densities. In another step, tests were performed with the descendants of parasitoids from the emergency solitary and gregarious adults. A single host egg oviposition exposed for one day in individual plastic tubing (7.5 cm × 1 cm) having a honey drop offered. The parasitism were evaluated, emergency and longevity of adults, and morphometric parameters of gregarious and solitaries progenies. The lower ratio hosts showed 90% of parasitized eggs with the female at the age of one day, and 68.7% of these have emerged. The development up two individuals per egg host was observed in all densities during the three-day supply of eggs, and the emergence of one individual was predominant. Adults emerging from solitary parasitize 20.5% more than gregarious and longevity of both did not differ significantly. The body size and the last posterior left tibia was significantly different, being 0.09 mm and 0.03 mm, respectively, higher in solitary adults. Host of different densities, it was possible to significantly lower the ratio, the more adults emerging from an egg C. cephalonica, with the same biological and morphometric having different performances. It is emphasized that this condition may be negative in mass rearing at mass rearing labs using such alternative host, as antagonistic effects may present the needs of biofactories to produce parasitoids with effective biological characteristics to ensure the success of inundative biological control programs.
This study aimed to determine the influence of different reasons of Corcyra cephalonica eggs, in gregarious and solitary development of Trichogramma pretiosum and evaluate the biological and morphometric performances of these. We were offered to one female parasitoids, four different densities of eggs of the factitious host C. cephalonica (5, 10, 20 and 30) for three days consecutive (days 1, 2 and 3). The female was placed in cylindrical tube (8 cm × 2 cm) in contact with a paperboard containing eggs of the host and a droplet of honey as food. This paperback was changed daily until the female complete the third day of life. The parasitism were evaluated, emergency of parasitized eggs and the number of emerged adults per egg for each offered densities. In another step, tests were performed with the descendants of parasitoids from the emergency solitary and gregarious adults. A single host egg oviposition exposed for one day in individual plastic tubing (7.5 cm × 1 cm) having a honey drop offered. The parasitism were evaluated, emergency and longevity of adults, and morphometric parameters of gregarious and solitaries progenies. The lower ratio hosts showed 90% of parasitized eggs with the female at the age of one day, and 68.7% of these have emerged. The development up two individuals per egg host was observed in all densities during the three-day supply of eggs, and the emergence of one individual was predominant. Adults emerging from solitary parasitize 20.5% more than gregarious and longevity of both did not differ significantly. The body size and the last posterior left tibia was significantly different, being 0.09 mm and 0.03 mm, respectively, higher in solitary adults. Host of different densities, it was possible to significantly lower the ratio, the more adults emerging from an egg C. cephalonica, with the same biological and morphometric having different performances. It is emphasized that this condition may be negative in mass rearing at mass rearing labs using such alternative host, as antagonistic effects may present the needs of biofactories to produce parasitoids with effective biological characteristics to ensure the success of inundative biological control programs.
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Palavras-chave
Controle de qualidade, Desenvolvimento gregário, Hospedeiro alternativo, Parasitoide de ovos, Produção massal, Quality control, Gregarious development, Factitious host, Egg parasitoids, Mass production