Emissão de gases de efeito estufa associada ao manejo da cana-de-açúcar no Planalto Ocidental Paulista
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Data
2016-12-02
Autores
Souza, Willians Luiz Bueno de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil é o maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar mundial, e 90% da produção desta cultura está concentrada na região Centro-Sul. O Planalto Ocidental Paulista é a unidade morfológica agrupada pelas regiões norte, noroeste e sudoeste do estado de São Paulo, região sudeste do Brasil com área cultivada de cana estimada em 4.989.511 ha, que representa 86% da produção do estado. Apesar dos benefícios econômicos apresentados pela expansão do setor sucroalcooleiro, algumas questões precisam ser mais bem discutidas sobre a cultura, como os impactos ambientais causados pelas queimadas. Uma das práticas mais comuns ainda hoje utilizada no Brasil é a queima da palha da cana-de-açúcar, com o propósito de facilitar as operações de colheita. Baseando-se nos dados gerados pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE e metodologias para inventário de emissões do Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas - IPCC. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram quantificar as emissões dos gases de efeito estufa provenientes das etapas de manejo da cana-de-açúcar que recentemente expandiu no Planalto Ocidental Paulista; e avaliar as mudanças na quantidade e qualidade de carbono do solo devido à conversão no sistema de colheita. Sendo observada uma expansão de 80,71% na área cultivada, mesmo com esse crescimento, as fontes de emissões reduziram de 1,54 para 1,45 t CO2eq ha-1 entre os anos de 2008 e 2013, equivalente a 5,84% a menos em emissões por área. Os resultados indicam que a redução progressiva da queimada que antecedente a colheita foi determinante para redução das emissões por hectare, sendo esta prática de queimada, determinante por 73,61% dos totais de emissões das operações de colheita. Conclui-se que apesar da área cultivada ter expandido consideravelmente, os níveis de emissões por área ou por tonelada de cana produzida diminuíram. Isso só foi possível devido à conversão no sistema de manejo da colheita antes realizada como manual queimada, e gradativamente convertido para mecanizada crua.
Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane in the world, and 90% of the production of this crop is concentrated in the Center-South region. The Occidental Plateau Paulista is the morphological unit grouped by the north, northwest and southwest regions of the state of São Paulo, southeastern region of Brazil with an estimated area of 4,989,511 ha, which represents 86% of state production. Despite the economic benefits presented by the expansion of the sugar and alcohol sector, some issues need to be better discussed about the crop, such as the environmental impacts caused by the fires. One of the most common practices still used today in Brazil is the burning of sugarcane straw, in order to facilitate harvesting operations. Based on the data generated by the National Institute of Space Research - INPE and methodologies for inventory of emissions from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC. The objectives of this work were to quantify the emissions of greenhouse gases from the stages of sugarcane management that recently expanded in the São Paulo Occidental Plateau; And to evaluate changes in soil carbon quantity and quality due to conversion to the harvesting system. With an increase of 80.71% in the cultivated area, even with this growth, emission sources reduced from 1.54 to 1.45 t CO2eq ha-1 between 2008 and 2013, equivalent to 5.84% Less in emissions per area. The results indicate that the progressive reduction of the burning that preceded the harvest was determinant to reduce the emissions per hectare, being this practice of burning, determining by 73.61% of the emissions totals of the harvesting operations. It is concluded that although the area under cultivation has expanded considerably, the emission levels per area or per ton of cane produced have decreased. This was only possible due to the conversion to the harvest management system previously performed as a burned manual, and gradually converted to raw mechanized.
Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane in the world, and 90% of the production of this crop is concentrated in the Center-South region. The Occidental Plateau Paulista is the morphological unit grouped by the north, northwest and southwest regions of the state of São Paulo, southeastern region of Brazil with an estimated area of 4,989,511 ha, which represents 86% of state production. Despite the economic benefits presented by the expansion of the sugar and alcohol sector, some issues need to be better discussed about the crop, such as the environmental impacts caused by the fires. One of the most common practices still used today in Brazil is the burning of sugarcane straw, in order to facilitate harvesting operations. Based on the data generated by the National Institute of Space Research - INPE and methodologies for inventory of emissions from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC. The objectives of this work were to quantify the emissions of greenhouse gases from the stages of sugarcane management that recently expanded in the São Paulo Occidental Plateau; And to evaluate changes in soil carbon quantity and quality due to conversion to the harvesting system. With an increase of 80.71% in the cultivated area, even with this growth, emission sources reduced from 1.54 to 1.45 t CO2eq ha-1 between 2008 and 2013, equivalent to 5.84% Less in emissions per area. The results indicate that the progressive reduction of the burning that preceded the harvest was determinant to reduce the emissions per hectare, being this practice of burning, determining by 73.61% of the emissions totals of the harvesting operations. It is concluded that although the area under cultivation has expanded considerably, the emission levels per area or per ton of cane produced have decreased. This was only possible due to the conversion to the harvest management system previously performed as a burned manual, and gradually converted to raw mechanized.
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Palavras-chave
CO2 emission, Cana crua, Cana queimada, Emissão de CO2, Mudanças climáticas, Sensoriamento remoto, Raw cane, Burnt cane, Climate change, Remote sensing