Professores de música e inclusão escolar de alunos público alvo da Educação Especial: percepções sobre o fazer docente
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Data
2016-10-19
Autores
Previato, Daniel Bianconi [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O trabalho aqui realizado, de cunho qualitativo e caracterizado como estudo de caso, tem como temática a Educação Musical, com o foco na formação do professor de música que atua em salas comuns de ensino onde estão matriculados alunos público alvo da Educação Especial. A questão que embasou a pesquisa é: quais as características da percepção sobre o fazer de professores de música atuantes em salas comuns nas quais estão matriculados alunos Público Alvo da Educação Especial (PAEE) no contexto das políticas de inclusão escolar? Dessa forma, o objetivo principal pautou-se em analisar percepções e práticas expressas por meio do fazer de professores de música com vistas a enfocar facilidades e dificuldades apontadas a respeito de suas respectivas atuações em salas comuns em que estejam matriculados alunos PAEE, em uma cidade de porte médio do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Para isso, a pesquisa contou com a participação de cinco professores de música atuantes no contexto mencionado, que responderam a um questionário pelo qual forneceram dados a respeito da formação e das concepções que possuem e também como se dá o cotidiano da prática docente, abrangendo os assuntos referentes à inclusão escolar e à maneira com a qual lidam com esta realidade. As respostas dadas foram analisadas à luz da literatura e propiciaram reflexões que fossem ao encontro do objetivo almejado. O foco e o referencial teórico estão pautados na perspectiva da inclusão e da educação inclusiva, calcado em autores que defendem que o conceito de deficiência é construído socialmente. Dentre os resultados obtidos, é possível destacar que, de maneira geral, os professores de música gostam da profissão que exercem, possuem bom relacionamento com os professores das demais áreas do conhecimento e compartilham com eles diversas dificuldades da carreira docente, como baixa remuneração, excessiva jornada de trabalho, desvalorização, indisciplina de alunos, falta de recursos e de infraestrutura, despreparo para atuar e elevado número de alunos por sala. Além disso, os participantes afirmaram que prepararam suas aulas com base em diferentes fontes, demonstrando que os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais assumem caráter apenas periférico. Por fim, embora reconheçam a importância da formação continuada sobre Educação Especial, não a realizam da maneira que julgam necessária, as estratégias diferenciadas são ainda iniciativas pouco adotadas, o planejamento passa ao largo da presença do aluno e, consequentemente, a avaliação permanece sendo um desafio. Dessa forma, foi possível averiguar que os professores participantes são favoráveis à inclusão, mas não conseguem implementá-la, testemunhando a consciência de que lhes falta formação para atuarem com eficácia em meio a esta realidade e também uma estrutura que proporcione maiores condições para que os alunos PAEE sejam atendidos em todas as suas especificidades.
This work is related to Musical Education thematic with a qualitative nature and it is characterized as a case study that focuses the music teacher formation who works in the regular classroom of teaching where the target audience is enrolled students of Special Education. The question that based the research is: what features of perception about music teachers making that work in regular Classroom in which they are enrolled with special education target audience (PAEE) in the school inclusion policies context? Thus, the main objective was to analyze perceptions and practices expressed by music teachers making in order to focus on facilities and difficulties mentioned regarding their respective roles in regular classroom in which they are enrolled with PAEE students, in a midsize city of the state of São Paulo. For this, the research included the participation of five music teachers that work in the mentioned context, who answered to a questionnaire which provided data regarding about teacher`s formation and concepts and also how is the everyday teaching practice, covering matters relating to school inclusion and the manner in which they deal with this reality. The answers were analyzed in the literature and they propitiated reflections that contributed to find the desired objective. The focus and the theoretical framework are guided by the perspective of inclusion and inclusive education, based on authors who defend that the concept of disability is socially constructed. Among the results, it is possible to point out that, in general, music teachers like their profession, they have good relationships with teachers from other areas of knowledge and they share with them a number of difficulties of teaching profession, such as low pay, excessive working hours, depreciation, undisciplined students, lack of resources and infrastructure, lack of preparation for work and the high number of students per class. In addition, participants said they prepared their classes based on different sources, demonstrating that the National Curriculum Parameters (PCN) assume a peripheral character only. Finally, while recognizing the importance of continuing training on Special Education, they do not perform the way they deem necessary, and the different strategies are still initiatives poorly adopted, the plan goes off the presence of the student and, consequently, the assessment remains a challenge. Then, it was possible to verify that the participating teachers are in favor of inclusion, but they can’t implement it, witnessing the awareness that they lack training to work effectively in this reality and also a structure that provides better conditions for the PAEE students are met in all their specificities.
This work is related to Musical Education thematic with a qualitative nature and it is characterized as a case study that focuses the music teacher formation who works in the regular classroom of teaching where the target audience is enrolled students of Special Education. The question that based the research is: what features of perception about music teachers making that work in regular Classroom in which they are enrolled with special education target audience (PAEE) in the school inclusion policies context? Thus, the main objective was to analyze perceptions and practices expressed by music teachers making in order to focus on facilities and difficulties mentioned regarding their respective roles in regular classroom in which they are enrolled with PAEE students, in a midsize city of the state of São Paulo. For this, the research included the participation of five music teachers that work in the mentioned context, who answered to a questionnaire which provided data regarding about teacher`s formation and concepts and also how is the everyday teaching practice, covering matters relating to school inclusion and the manner in which they deal with this reality. The answers were analyzed in the literature and they propitiated reflections that contributed to find the desired objective. The focus and the theoretical framework are guided by the perspective of inclusion and inclusive education, based on authors who defend that the concept of disability is socially constructed. Among the results, it is possible to point out that, in general, music teachers like their profession, they have good relationships with teachers from other areas of knowledge and they share with them a number of difficulties of teaching profession, such as low pay, excessive working hours, depreciation, undisciplined students, lack of resources and infrastructure, lack of preparation for work and the high number of students per class. In addition, participants said they prepared their classes based on different sources, demonstrating that the National Curriculum Parameters (PCN) assume a peripheral character only. Finally, while recognizing the importance of continuing training on Special Education, they do not perform the way they deem necessary, and the different strategies are still initiatives poorly adopted, the plan goes off the presence of the student and, consequently, the assessment remains a challenge. Then, it was possible to verify that the participating teachers are in favor of inclusion, but they can’t implement it, witnessing the awareness that they lack training to work effectively in this reality and also a structure that provides better conditions for the PAEE students are met in all their specificities.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Educação musical, Formação de professores, Educação inclusiva, Alunos público alvo da Educação Especial, Music education, Teacher training, Inclusive education, Students target of Special Education