Culturas lúdicas infantis na escola: entre a proibição e a criação
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Data
2016-11-18
Autores
Azevedo, Nair Correia Salgado de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Essa Tese é vinculada à linha de pesquisa “Processos Formativos, Infância e Juventude”, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Campus de Presidente Prudente/SP. O tema abordado relaciona-se à produção das culturas lúdicas infantis nos contextos escolares mesmo ocorrendo muitas formas de cerceamento dessas, com enfoque no jogo e na brincadeira. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter etnográfico, que usou de fundamentos da sociologia da infância para inserir as crianças como principais sujeitos durante esse processo acadêmico. Os procedimentos metodológicos usados para a coleta de dados tiveram a participação direta das crianças, isso significa que foram realizados com e pelas crianças, como filmagens em vídeo, registros em diários de campo individual e coletivo, entrevistas coletivas, produção de imagens (fotos/filmagens), o diário coletivo e os textos ilustrados. Como objetivo geral, essa pesquisa buscou a observar, descrever e interpretar as experiências lúdicas em diversos ambientes dentro de uma escola pública, na cidade de Presidente Prudente/SP, e que se mostrassem relevantes para identificar o processo de construção da cultura lúdica das crianças entre a proibição e a criação. Sabemos que muitas vezes ocorre uma disciplinarização das crianças por meio do corpo e do não reconhecimento das culturas lúdicas infantis nas escolas, além de a relação de poder entre adultos e crianças contribuírem para exista uma hierarquia que contempla muitos mais os aspectos relacionados a conteúdos “mais importantes”, ocasionando, assim, uma desvalorização da ludicidade por parte do adulto. As crianças, porém, elencam os jogos e as brincadeiras como elementos importantes dentro da escola, pois além de auxiliarem no processo escolar, contribui para com aspectos relacionais e no processo de produção cultural da infância, o que implica enxergar as práticas lúdicas escolares como um direito das crianças, pois muitas delas veem na escola um local privilegiado para que tais experiências aconteçam e elas reivindicam tais ações. É preciso, porém, mudar alguns paradigmas, como o da criança como um “vir a ser” e o de que a ludicidade atrapalha os processos educativos, por supor um “descontrole” por parte de muitos professores. As crianças nos indicaram que são muitas as ações de proibições das culturas lúdicas dentro da escola, mas também nos mostraram que o contrário é possível por meio da mediação do professor, por exemplo. Podemos concluir que, as razões para que existam tantas proibições das manifestações culturais infantis nas escolas, podem ter origens históricas e até ideológicas, mas isso não é sinônimo para que deixemos as coisas como estão. As crianças pedem que valorizemos suas opiniões e que possamos incluí-las nos processos educacionais de maneira que elas possam participar da Educação como um todo. Para isso é preciso muitas mudanças a começar pela concepção de criança e infância que podem romper com a visão adultocêntrica e passar a olhar as ações infantis com olhos de criança, pois somente assim será possível vislumbrar a beleza das culturas infantis.
This thesis is linked to the line of research "Formative Processes, Childhood and Youth", Graduate Program in Education, Faculty of Science and Technology of the Paulista State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, state of São Paulo. The theme is related to the production of children's play cultures in school contexts, even though there are many ways of curtailing them, with a focus on play and play. It is a qualitative research, of ethnographic character, that used the foundations of the sociology of childhood to insert children as main subjects during this academic process. The methodological procedures used for the data collection had the direct participation of the children, this means that they were carried out with and by the children, such as video filming, individual and collective field diaries, collective interviews, production of images (photos/filming), the collective diary and the illustrated texts. As a general objective, this research sought to observe, describe and interpret the play experiences in different environments within a public school, in the city of Presidente Prudente, state of São Paulo, and that were relevant to identify the process of construction of the children's recreational culture among prohibition and creation. We know that there is often a disciplinarization of children through the body and non-recognition of children's recreational cultures in schools, and the relationship of power between adults and children contribute to a hierarchy that includes many more aspects related to content "more Important", thus causing a devaluation of playfulness on the part of the adult. Children, however, play games and play as important elements within the school, as they help in the school process, contribute to relational aspects and in the process of cultural production of childhood, which implies seeing the playful school practices as a Because many of them see in school a privileged place for such experiences to happen and they claim such actions. It is necessary, however, to change some paradigms, such as that of the child as a "becoming" and that ludicity impairs educational processes, for supposing a "lack of control" on the part of many teachers. Children have pointed out that there are many prohibitions on play cultures within the school, but they have also shown us that the opposite is possible through teacher mediation, for example. We can conclude that the reasons for there being so many prohibitions on children's cultural manifestations in schools may have historical and even ideological origins, but that is not a synonym for leaving things as they are. Children ask that we value their opinions and that we can include them in educational processes so that they can participate in Education as a whole. For this it takes many changes starting with the conception of children and childhood that can break with the adult-centric vision and begin to look at children's actions with children's eyes, because only then will it be possible to glimpse the beauty of children's cultures.
This thesis is linked to the line of research "Formative Processes, Childhood and Youth", Graduate Program in Education, Faculty of Science and Technology of the Paulista State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, state of São Paulo. The theme is related to the production of children's play cultures in school contexts, even though there are many ways of curtailing them, with a focus on play and play. It is a qualitative research, of ethnographic character, that used the foundations of the sociology of childhood to insert children as main subjects during this academic process. The methodological procedures used for the data collection had the direct participation of the children, this means that they were carried out with and by the children, such as video filming, individual and collective field diaries, collective interviews, production of images (photos/filming), the collective diary and the illustrated texts. As a general objective, this research sought to observe, describe and interpret the play experiences in different environments within a public school, in the city of Presidente Prudente, state of São Paulo, and that were relevant to identify the process of construction of the children's recreational culture among prohibition and creation. We know that there is often a disciplinarization of children through the body and non-recognition of children's recreational cultures in schools, and the relationship of power between adults and children contribute to a hierarchy that includes many more aspects related to content "more Important", thus causing a devaluation of playfulness on the part of the adult. Children, however, play games and play as important elements within the school, as they help in the school process, contribute to relational aspects and in the process of cultural production of childhood, which implies seeing the playful school practices as a Because many of them see in school a privileged place for such experiences to happen and they claim such actions. It is necessary, however, to change some paradigms, such as that of the child as a "becoming" and that ludicity impairs educational processes, for supposing a "lack of control" on the part of many teachers. Children have pointed out that there are many prohibitions on play cultures within the school, but they have also shown us that the opposite is possible through teacher mediation, for example. We can conclude that the reasons for there being so many prohibitions on children's cultural manifestations in schools may have historical and even ideological origins, but that is not a synonym for leaving things as they are. Children ask that we value their opinions and that we can include them in educational processes so that they can participate in Education as a whole. For this it takes many changes starting with the conception of children and childhood that can break with the adult-centric vision and begin to look at children's actions with children's eyes, because only then will it be possible to glimpse the beauty of children's cultures.
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Palavras-chave
Educação, Sociologia da infância, Culturas infantis, Lúdico, Criança