Artigos - Bioestatística - IBB

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Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Parameters in Pega Breed Donkeys: A Descriptive Study
(2023-03-01) Cruz-Aleixo, Amanda Sarita [UNESP]; de Oliveira, Karina Cristina [UNESP]; de Oliveira Ferreira, Lucas Vinícius [UNESP]; Cedeo Quevedo, Dario Alejandro; Cruz, Raíssa Karolliny Salgueiro; Tsunemi, Miriam Harumi [UNESP]; Chiacchio, Simone Biagio [UNESP]; Lourenço, Maria Lucia Gomes [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); University of Nariño; Cesmac University Center
Clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters in Pega donkeys are scarce in the literature; hence, this study was performed to describe the echocardiographic and electrocardiographic measurements in Pega breed donkeys. The objectives of this study were to describe and illustrate the clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic parameters in Pega donkeys used for reproduction. Fifty Pega breed donkeys were evaluated, with an average age of 3.4 years and with 20 males and 30 females. In each animal, the electrocardiographic examination at rest was performed using the TEB® computerized system, and the echocardiographic examination was performed using an ultrasound device with a Doppler function multifrequency sectorial transducer in 2D mode (Sonosite® M turbo). Standardizing the electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters for the Pega breed donkey can contribute to future assessments regarding possible changes that excessive effort can promote in these parameters to a management engrossed on animal welfare.
Increasing the flexibility of mixed models by using fractional polynomials
(2022-01-01) Garcia, Edijane Paredes; Trinca, Luzia Aparecida [UNESP]; Federal University of Amazonas; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The class of regression models incorporating Fractional Polynomials (FPs), proposed by Royston and colleagues in the 1990’s, has been extensively studied and shown to be fruitful in the presence of non-linearity between the response variable and continuous covariates. FP functions provide an alternative to higher-order polynomials and splines for dealing with lack-of-fit. Mixed models may also benefit from this class of curves in the presence of non-linearity. The inclusion of FP functions into the structure of linear mixed models has been previously explored, though for simple layouts, e.g. a single covariate in the random intercept model. This paper proposes a general strategy for model-building and variable selection that takes advantage of the FPs within the framework of linear mixed models. Application of the method to three data sets from the literature, known for violating the linearity assumption, illustrates that it is possible to solve the problem of lack-of-fit by using fewer terms in the model than the usual approach of fitting higher-order polynomials.
Influence of Dorper lamb development from birth to 120 days of age on clinical and echocardiographic parameters
(2022-12-01) Aleixo, Amanda Sarita Cruz [UNESP]; Ferreira, Danilo Otávio Laurenti; Tsunemi, Miriam Harumi [UNESP]; Chiacchio, Simone Biagio [UNESP]; Lourenço, Maria Lucia Gomes [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Office of Agricultural Defense of Bauru - EDA
The expansion of the sheep model in research represents an attractive and economically beneficial academic reason for investigations in sheep echocardiography. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic parameters in Dorper lambs during the developmental period. Emphasis was placed on the use of the species in translational research for the echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital heart diseases, which can contribute to improvements in interventionist techniques. Ten Dorper lambs were evaluated at the following time points: 24 h after birth and 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of age. Clinical parameters were compiled, and echocardiogram records were obtained without sedation. Rectal temperature was lower on the first day compared to the others. From 21 days of life, there was a reduction in HR, with differences between time points. Mean and systolic blood pressure differed, with the highest values at 90 and 120 days of age. The thickness of the interventricular septum in diastole (IVSd) increased as age progressed, with the highest value at 120 days of age, and the same occurred for LVIDd (left ventricle internal diameter in diastole), LVFWd (left ventricular free wall thickness in diastole), IVSs (interventricular septum thickness in systole), LVIDs (left ventricle internal diameter in systole) and LVFWs (left ventricular free wall thickness in systole). There were differences in the size of the LA, Ao and LA/Ao ratio, which were greater at 90 days and 120 days of age. Echocardiographic changes accompany the development of lambs, where changes in echocardiographic parameters are evident with advancing age. The echocardiographic measurements in lambs obtained in the present study are similar to those in newborns.
Nursing workload associated with neonatal mortality risk: a cross-sectional study
(2022-01-01) da Silveira, Raquel Rondina Pupo [UNESP]; Serafim, Clarita Terra Rodrigues [UNESP]; E Castro, Meire Cristina Novelli [UNESP]; Rodrigues, Gabrielle Maria [UNESP]; Corrente, José Eduardo [UNESP]; Lima, Silvana Andrea Molina [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Objectives: to analyze the association between nursing workload and neonatal mortality risk in newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Methods: this is an observational, cross-sectional study conducted from January 2019 to January 2020. Results: the sample consisted of 399 newborns, 55.4% male, Nursing Activities Score mean of 67.5%, and Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology Perinatal Extension mean of 17.7, revealed itself as a predictor of the risk of death, while gestational age, length of hospitalization, and the first-minute Apgar established a protective relationship. The correlation between workload and neonatal mortality was low (r= 0.23, p=0.0009). Conclusions: the workload of the nursing team is not associated with the risk of mortality in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, as measured by the Nursing Activities Score.
Impact of early-onset preeclampsia on feeding tolerance and growth of very low birth weight infants during hospitalization
(2023-01-01) de Carvalho Pelícia, Simone Manso [UNESP]; Fekete, Saskia Maria Wiegerinck [UNESP]; Corrente, Jose Eduardo [UNESP]; de Souza Rugolo, Ligia Maria Suppo [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Objective: The provision of adequate enteral nutrition to preterm infants is a great challenge, and preeclampsia (PE) may have a detrimental effect on the safety of nutrition supply. This study aims to investigate the influence of early-onset PE on preterm infants’ enteral feeding tolerance and growth during hospitalization. Methods: This is a prospective study with 55 preterm infants <34 weeks born to PE mothers matched by gestational age with 55 preterm infants born to normotensive mothers from 2013 to 2016. We evaluated maternal, gestational, and neonatal clinical data. The outcomes were feeding intolerance and growth during hospitalization. Comparison between groups was performed by Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, or Fisher’s exact test. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate whether PE was an independent risk factor for feeding intolerance. Results: The mean gestational age was 30 weeks. Preterm infants of mothers with PE had lower birth weight and were smaller at discharge. Feeding intolerance was frequent, but necrotizing enterocolitis was rare in this sample (PE=4% vs. control=2%) with no difference between groups. Preterm infants of mothers with PE had worse growth outcomes; however, PE was not an independent risk factor for feeding intolerance. The increase in gestational age was a protective factor, and being born small for gestational age (SGA) increased the risk of feeding intolerance by six times. Conclusions: Preterm infants of mothers with early-onset PE were more likely to be born SGA and had a worse growth trajectory during hospitalization. In adjusted analyses, however, low gestational age and SGA were independent predictors of feeding intolerance.
Food insecurity and its determinants in a vulnerable area of Santiago, Chile
(2022-09-14) Pinheiro, Anna Christina [UNESP]; Quintiliano-Scarpelli, Daiana; Araneda-Flores, Jacqueline; Oliveira, Rogerio Antonio de [UNESP]; Pizarro, Tito; Suarez-Reyes, Mónica; Marques de Oliveira, Maria Rita [UNESP]; Universidad del Desarrollo; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); University of Bío-Bío; University of Santiago; Universidad de Santiago de Chile
This study aims to identify the determinants associated to food insecurity in a group of households composed of schoolchildren and their mothers/caregivers, who lived in a low-to-medium community development index area of the city of Santiago, Chile with a high presence of migrant population. The non-probabilistic and convenience sample was made up of 646 people, who answered a series of surveys with the aim of characterizing this group in sociodemographic terms (sex, age, number of inhabitants in the household, place of food purchase, conditional or non-conditional state transfer program beneficiary status, persons in charge of purchasing food for the household, mothers/caregivers education level and basic knowledge of food and nutrition). To assess moderate-to-severe food insecurity and severe food insecurity, the Food Insecurity Experience Scale-FIES was applied between September and October 2021. Logistic regression analysis were used to carry out multivariate analyses, with the use of stepwise back-and-forward strategies for the selected variables and defining p < 0.05. These models were adjusted per number of inhabitants in the household. The results indicate that 25.4% of households presented moderate-to-severe food insecurity, and 6.4% severe food insecurity experience. The variables that presented significant odds of risk to food insecurity were being a migrant, low maternal education level, low performance on basic knowledge in nutrition and when the father was responsible for food purchases. Several public policies have been implemented in Chile during the most recent decades aimed at increasing access to healthier foods and the implementation of healthier food environments. Despite this, there are still social and economic health determinants that contribute to the risk of odds insecurity for the most vulnerable groups in the country, thus putting at risk the fulfillment of the human right to adequate food at risk.
Impact of early-onset preeclampsia on feeding tolerance and growth of very low birth weight infants during hospitalization
(2022-01-01) Pelícia, Simone Manso de Carvalho [UNESP]; Fekete, Saskia Maria Wiegerinck [UNESP]; Corrente, Jose Eduardo [UNESP]; Rugolo, Ligia Maria Suppo de Souza [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
OBJECTIVE: The provision of adequate enteral nutrition to preterm infants is a great challenge, and preeclampsia (PE) may have a detrimental effect on the safety of nutrition supply. This study aims to investigate the influence of early-onset PE on preterm infants' enteral feeding tolerance and growth during hospitalization. METHODS: This is a prospective study with 55 preterm infants <34 weeks born to PE mothers matched by gestational age with 55 preterm infants born to normotensive mothers from 2013 to 2016. We evaluated maternal, gestational, and neonatal clinical data. The outcomes were feeding intolerance and growth during hospitalization. Comparison between groups was performed by Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate whether PE was an independent risk factor for feeding intolerance. RESULTS: The mean gestational age was 30 weeks. Preterm infants of mothers with PE had lower birth weight and were smaller at discharge. Feeding intolerance was frequent, but necrotizing enterocolitis was rare in this sample (PE=4% vs. control=2%) with no difference between groups. Preterm infants of mothers with PE had worse growth outcomes; however, PE was not an independent risk factor for feeding intolerance. The increase in gestational age was a protective factor, and being born small for gestational age (SGA) increased the risk of feeding intolerance by six times. CONCLUSIONS: Preterm infants of mothers with early-onset PE were more likely to be born SGA and had a worse growth trajectory during hospitalization. In adjusted analyses, however, low gestational age and SGA were independent predictors of feeding intolerance.
Swimming training attenuates the decrease of calcium responsiveness in female infarcted rats
(2022-08-22) Portes, Leslie Andrews; dos Santos, Alexandra Alberta; Padovani, Carlos Roberto [UNESP]; Oliveira, Natália Cristina de; Serra, Andrey Jorge; Tucci, Paulo J. F.; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Aim: To evaluate the influence of swimming training on calcium responsiveness of the myocardium of rats with different infarction sizes (MI). Method: female Wistar rats, sedentary sham (SS = 14), sedentary moderate MI (SMI = 8) and sedentary large MI (SLI = 10) were compared to trained sham (TS = 16), trained moderate MI (TMI = 9) and trained large MI (TLI = 10). After 4 weeks of MI, the animals swam for 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for additional 8 weeks. Papillary muscles of the left ventricle were subjected to different concentrations of extracellular calcium. Inotropism was evaluated through the developed tension (DT), the maximum positive value of the first temporal derivation (+Td/td) and the time to peak tension (TPT). Lusitropism was evaluated by the maximum negative value of the first temporal derivation (−Td/td) and time to 50% relaxation (50%TR). Statistical significance was determined using multivariate analysis of variance and a Hotelling T2 test for the absolute power values of all four extracellular calcium concentrations (p < 0.05). Results: MI depressed inotropism (from 17% to 51%) and lusitropism (from 22% to 54%) of the sedentary rats, but exercise attenuated the losses, especially regarding + dT/dt, TPT, −dT/dt and 50%TR. Exercise attenuated the decrease in myocardial responsiveness, proportionally to the size of the MI. Conclusion: Myocardial calcium responsiveness is favorably affected in animals with moderate and large MI after swimming exercise.
Large Plant Samples: How to Process for GMA Embedding?
(2011-01-01) Paiva, Élder Antônio Sousa; Pinho, Sheila Zambello de [UNESP]; Oliveira, Denise Maria Trombert; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
It is often necessary to process large plant samples for light microscopy studies, but due to structural characteristics of plant tissues, especially intercellular spaces, large vacuoles, and phenolic substances, results are often unsatisfactory. When large samples are embedded in glycol methacrylate (GMA), their core may not polymerize, remaining soft and moist and making it difficult to cut microtome sections. This situation has been erroneously interpreted as the result of poor infiltration, when the soft core of these samples is actually the result of incomplete polymerization. While GMA is in fact present inside samples, unsatisfactory polymerization results from rapid external polymerization that does not allow sufficient hardener to reach the sample core, while the relatively large volume of GMA inside the tissue block also dilutes the hardener. In this chapter we propose a new method for processing large plant specimens that avoids these problems by: (1) slowing the polymerization process through cooling in order to permit the penetration of hardener into the sample core and (2) increasing the hardener:GMA ratio to aid polymerization of the sample core.
Ultrasound in cervical traumatic neuromas after neck dissection in thyroid carcinoma patients: descriptive analysis and diagnostic accuracy
(2023-05-25) Marcos, Vinicius Neves; Danilovic, Debora Lucia Seguro; Pereira, Fernando Linhares; Tsunemi, Miriam Harumi [UNESP]; Kulcsar, Marco Aurelio Vamondes; Hoff, Ana Oliveira; Domingues, Regina Barros; Chammas, Maria Cristina; de Freitas, Ricardo Miguel Costa; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Objective: Cervical traumatic neuromas (CTNs) may appear after lateral neck dissection for metastatic thyroid carcinoma. If they are misdiagnosed as metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) in follow-up neck ultrasound (US), unnecessary and uncomfortable fine-needle aspiration biopsy are indicated. The present study aimed to describe US features of CTNs and to assess the US performance in distinguishing CTNs from abnormal LNs. Subjects and methods: Retrospective evaluation of neck US images of 206 consecutive patients who had lateral neck dissection as a part of thyroid cancer treatment to assess CTN´s US features. Diagnostic accuracy study to evaluate US performance in distinguishing CTNs from abnormal LNs was performed. Results: Eight-six lateral neck nodules were selected for analysis: 38 CTNs and 48 abnormal LNs. CTNs with diagnostic cytology were predominantly hypoechogenic (100% vs. 45%; P = 0.008) and had shorter diameters than inconclusive cytology CTNs: short axis (0.39 cm vs. 0.50 cm; P = 0.03) and long axis (1.64 cm vs. 2.35 cm; P = 0.021). The US features with the best accuracy to distinguish CTNs from abnormal LNs were continuity with a nervous structure, hypoechogenic internal lines, short/long axis ratio ≤ 0.42, absent Doppler vascularization, fusiform morphology, and short axis ≤ 0.48 cm. Conclusion: US is a very useful method for assessing CTNs, with good performance in distinguishing CTNs from abnormal LNs.
Metabolismo glicolítico cerebral e volume de substância cinzenta em jogadores de futebol profissionais aposentados: um estudo transversal de [18F]FDG-PET/RM
(2023-05-01) Aranha, Mateus Rozalem; Coutinho, Artur Martins; Carneiro, Camila de Godoi; Pastorello, Bruno Fraccini; Studart-Neto, Adalberto; Guariglia, Carla Cristina; Tsunemi, Miriam Harumi [UNESP]; Moreira, Everton Luis Santos; Ianof, Jéssica Natuline; Anghinah, Renato; Nitrini, Ricardo; Cerri, Giovanni Guido; Fortea, Juan; Buchpiguel, Carlos Alberto; Leite, Claudia Costa; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Facultad de Medicina; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Fundación Catalana de Síndrome de Down; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas
BACKGROUND: Professional soccer athletes are exposed to repetitive head impacts and are at risk of developing chronic traumatic encephalopathy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate regional brain glucose metabolism (rBGM) and gray matter (GM) volume in retired soccer players (RSPs). METHODS: Male RSPs and age and sex-matched controls prospectively enrolled between 2017 and 2019 underwent neurological and neuropsychological evaluations, brain MRI and [18F]FDG-PET in a 3.0-Tesla PET/MRI scanner. Visual analysis was performed by a blinded neuroradiologist and a blinded nuclear physician. Regional brain glucose metabolism and GM volume were assessed using SPM8 software. Groups were compared using appropriate statistical tests available at SPM8 and R. RESULTS: Nineteen RSPs (median [IQR]: 62 [50-64.5] years old) and 20 controls (60 [48-73] years old) were included. Retired soccer players performed worse on mini-mental state examination, digit span, clock drawing, phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tests, and had reduced rBGM in the left temporal pole (pFDR = 0.008) and the anterior left middle temporal gyrus (pFDR = 0.043). Semantic verbal fluency correlated with rBGM in the right hippocampus, left temporal pole, and posterior left middle temporal gyrus (p ≤ 0.042). Gray matter volume reduction was observed in similar anatomic regions but was less extensive and did not survive correction for multiple comparisons (pFDR ≥ 0.085). Individual [18F]FDG-PET visual analysis revealed seven RSPs with overt hypometabolism in the medial and lateral temporal lobes, frontal lobes, and temporoparietal regions. Retired soccer players had a higher prevalence of septum pellucidum abnormalities on MRI. CONCLUSION: Retired soccer players had reduced rBGM and GM volume in the temporal lobes and septum pellucidum abnormalities, findings possibly related to repetitive head impacts.
Assessing COVID-19 pandemic excess deaths in Brazil: Years 2020 and 2021
(2023-05-01) Colonia, Saditt Rocio Robles [UNESP]; Cardeal, Lara Morena [UNESP]; de Oliveira, Rogério Antonio [UNESP]; Trinca, Luzia Aparecida [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
We estimated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality in Brazil for 2020 and 2021 years. We used mortality data (2015–2021) from the Brazilian Health Ministry for forecasting baseline deaths under non-pandemic conditions and to estimate all-cause excess deaths at the country level and stratified by sex, age, ethnicity and region of residence, from March 2020 to December 2021. We also considered the estimation of excess deaths due to specific causes. The estimated all-cause excess deaths were 187 842 (95% PI: 164 122; 211 562, P-Score = 16.1%) for weeks 10-53, 2020, and 441 048 (95% PI: 411 740; 470 356, P-Score = 31.9%) for weeks 1-52, 2021. P-Score values ranged from 1.4% (RS, South) to 38.1% (AM, North) in 2020 and from 21.2% (AL and BA, Northeast) to 66.1% (RO, North) in 2021. Differences among men (18.4%) and women (13.4%) appeared in 2020 only, and the P-Score values were about 30% for both sexes in 2021. Except for youngsters (< 20 years old), all adult age groups were badly hit, especially those from 40 to 79 years old. In 2020, the Indigenous, Black and East Asian descendants had the highest P-Score (26.2 to 28.6%). In 2021, Black (34.7%) and East Asian descendants (42.5%) suffered the greatest impact. The pandemic impact had enormous regional heterogeneity and substantial differences according to socio-demographic factors, mainly during the first wave, showing that some population strata benefited from the social distancing measures when they could adhere to them. In the second wave, the burden was very high for all but extremely high for some, highlighting that our society must tackle the health inequalities experienced by groups of different socio-demographic statuses.
A new Poptella from the rio Xingu basin, Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)
(2023-01-01) Garcia-Ayala, James R. [UNESP]; Benine, Ricardo C. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A new species of Poptella is described from the rio Xingu basin, Pará and Mato Grosso states, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by having a greater number of scales around the caudal peduncle (15–18 vs. 13– 14). Furthermore, this species can be easily distinguished from P. brevispina, P. longipinnis, and P. fuscata by the lower number of branched rays in the dorsal fin (9 vs. 10–11). The description of new taxon represents the third species of the genus Poptella described in the last five years.
Analysis of competitive risks in municipal public pension in the state of paraíba
(2019-01-01) Júnior, Luiz Carlos Santos; Tsúnemi, Miriam Harumi [UNESP]; Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The public servants' pensions need the development of research that contributes to a better understanding of the variables related to the receipts and payments of their Institutes. The present study aims to analyze the time of municipal server stays in the public service, based on information provided by Institute of Social Security of the Municipal Servants of Cabedelo (Paraíba / Brazil) and through the use of survival models that incorporate competitive risks. Thus, the functions of cumulative risk, survival and cumulative incidence were estimated, as well as the effects of four covariables on the time of permanence, considering the presence of five competing causes to remove the server from the public service. Among the main results, it has been shown that the proportional models were considered adequate, being that: the older the server, and the earlier the date of admission to the service, greater the chance of leaving the service for any of the causes; being a man in relation to women, as well as being a teacher, in relation to other categories, can increase or decrease the risk, depending on the specific cause considered. Once the biometric behavior of the analyzed group has been mapped, better predictability conditions for future commitments are provided.
Evolution of Myocardial Hypertrophy Associated With Pregnancy in Hypertensive Women Six Months Postpartum
(2023-09-01) Vasconcelos, Milena Miranda [UNESP]; Ganan, Camilla Sousa [UNESP]; da Silveira, Caroline Ferreira da Silva Mazeto Pupo [UNESP]; Malagutte, Karina Nogueira Dias Secco [UNESP]; Poiati, Juliane Rosa [UNESP]; Nunes, Hélio Rubens de Carvalho [UNESP]; Martin, Luis Cuadrado [UNESP]; Bazan, Rodrigo [UNESP]; Borges, Vera Therezinha Medeiros [UNESP]; Bazan, Silméia Garcia Zanati [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is one of the principal risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease. When a hypertensive woman becomes pregnant, new hemodynamic condition is installed, with addition from chronic pressure overload to chronic volume overload. This new hemodynamic condition can provide greater myocardial hypertrophy(LVH), whose postpartum evolution has been little studied in the literature. To evaluate LVH in hypertensive women in the third trimester of pregnancy and 6 months postpartum and to establish which clinical variables are associated with elevated risk of LVH. Prospective longitudinal study including 41 pregnant women beyond 35 gestational weeks and with previous SAH. They were submitted to clinical and echocardiographic evaluation at the gestational period and 6 months postpartum. Statistical analysis: multivariate logistic regression with the exposures most strongly associated with maintenance of hypertrophy in univariate analysis. Significance level: P<0.05. The mean age was 29±6.2 years. The majority of the women were white(85.4%). Before pregnancy 23(59%) women used antihypertensive drugs and 28(71.8%) used during pregnancy. At the end of gestation, all women presented LVH, 79% maintained hypertrophy 6 months postpartum. In multivariate analysis, exposures significantly associated with hypertrophy maintenance: systolic blood pressure(SBP) at the end of gestation, OR=1.16(1.03-1.30);P=0.013 and SBP increase at 6 months postpartum in relation to end of gestation, OR=22.9(1.8-294);P=0.016. In hypertensive pregnant women, LVH frequency is elevated at the end of pregnancy, and recovery frequency of this hypertrophy, at 6 months postpartum, is very low. The increase of SBP 6 months postpartum was associated with maintenance of hypertrophy.
Coexistence of two sympatric hermit crab species from South Brazil: the effect of the shell adequacy index and circadian movement patterns
(2023-06-01) da Silva, Alexandre R.; Santos, Renan A. P. [UNESP]; Rodrigues, Gabriel F. B. [UNESP]; Vieira, Neida R.; Baroni, Bruna K.; Gregati, Rafael A.; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO)
Gastropod shells play an important role in the life story of hermit crabs, influencing biological characteristics directly. The adequacy of shells for hermit crabs can be evaluated through the Shell Adequacy Index, which calculates the shell's ideal size/weight compared to the actual dimensions of the occupied shells. To avoid competition for shells, animals can display a variety of strategies including alterations in their circadian rhythms. This study aimed to evaluate if two sympatric species of hermit crabs—Pagurus brevidactylus and Pagurus criniticornis—are competing for the best fitting shells and if they present differences in their circadian rhythms. Their shells were identified and measured regarding the aperture length and width. The shell adequacy was calculated using linear models of the Shell Aperture Length and Width, and the period of activity of the animals was filmed for 24 h and later analyzed. The period between 10 am and 2 pm represented daytime, while 10 pm to 2 am represented nighttime. Pagurus brevidactylus occupied mainly Cerithium atratum and Claremontiella nodulosa shells, while P. criniticornis occupied mainly C. atratum shells. Our results showed that the two species are inhabiting shells with similar traits, which may indicate competition. The species do not present distinct activity periods; however, the shell occupation pattern suggests a competition at the functional level.
From the dual cyclone harvest performance of single conidium powder to the effect of Metarhizium anisopliae on the management of Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae)
(2023-03-01) Velozo, Simone Graziele Moio [UNESP]; Velozo, Murilo Rodrigues; Domingues, Maurício Magalhães [UNESP]; Becchi, Luciane Katarine [UNESP]; de Carvalho, Vanessa Rafaela [UNESP]; de Souza Passos, José Raimundo [UNESP]; Zanuncio, José Cola; Serrão, José Eduardo; Stephan, Dietrich; Wilcken, Carlos Frederico [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV); Syntech Research; Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants
Insect pests introduced in eucalyptus plantations in Brazil are mostly of Australian origin, but native microorganisms have potential for their management. High quality biopesticide production based on entomopathogenic fungi depends on adequate technologies. The objective of this study was to evaluate Mycoharvester® equipment to harvest and separating particles to obtain pure Metarhizium anisopliae conidia to manage Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé, 2006 (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae). The Mycoharvester® version 5b harvested and separated M. anisopliae spores. The pure conidia were suspended in Tween 80® (0.1%) and calibrated to the concentrations of 1 x 106, 107, 108 and 109 conidia/ ml to evaluate the pathogenicity, lethal concentration 50 and 90 (LC50, LC90) and lethal time 50 and 90 (LT50, LT90) of this fungus to T. peregrinus. This equipment harvested 85% of the conidia from rice, with production of 4.8 ± 0.38 x 109 conidia/g dry mass of substrate + fungus. The water content of 6.36% of the single spore powder (pure conidia) separated by the Mycoharvester® was lower than that of the agglomerated product. The product harvested at the concentrations of 108 and 109 conidia/ml caused high mortality to T. peregrinus third instar nymphs and adults. The separation of conidia produced by solid-state fermentation with the Mycoharvester® is an important step toward optimizing the fungal production system of pure conidia, and to formulate biopesticides for insect pest management.
Modification of Sugar Profile and Ripening in Atemoya (Annona × atemoya Mabb.) Fruits through Copper Hydroxide Application
(2023-02-01) Cardoso, Caroline P. [UNESP]; Campos, Felipe G. [UNESP]; Napoleão, Gabriel M. [UNESP]; Barzotto, Gustavo R. [UNESP]; Campos, Lauro P. [UNESP]; Ferreira, Gisela [UNESP]; Boaro, Carmen S. F. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Atemoya (Annona × atemoya Mabb.), a climacteric fruit of the Annonaceae family, is becoming increasingly popular due to its organoleptic and nutritional properties. Anthracnose, a fungus of the Colletotrichum genus, is one of the most serious diseases in orchards, causing significant damage if not controlled, so producers use phytosanitary products. The current study sought to investigate the quality of atemoya fruits after harvest in an orchard with anthracnose controlled by Cu(OH)2 application: T1—no Cu(OH)2, T2—7.8 mL Cu(OH)2 L1 divided into two applications, T3—15.6 mL Cu(OH)2 L1 divided into four, T4—8.0 mL Cu(OH)2 L1 divided into eight, and T5—13.0 mL Cu(OH)2 L1 divided into thirteen applications. The sugar profile of fruits was examined, as well as MDA, H2O2, and quality parameters such as pH, mass, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and maturation index. MDA, such as H2O2, can function as a signal molecule. Eight applications of 1.0 mL L-1 Cu(OH)2 resulted in increased concentrations of H2O2 and MDA, signal molecules involved in sugar modification profiles such as glucose, fructose, and trehalose. It also had a high titratable acidity, a lower maturation index, better fruit quality, and a longer shelf life.
A new seed-feeding species of Hemicolpus Heller, 1895 from south Brazil and redescription of Hemicolpus abdominalis Hustache, 1938 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae)
(2023-01-06) Sanz-Veiga, Priscila A. [UNESP]; Savaris, Marcoandre; Leivas, Fernando W.T.; da Silva Medeiros, Alexandre; Amorim, Felipe W. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR); Unicesumar
The genus Hemicolpus Heller, 1895 (Curculionidae: Conoderinae) currently includes six species: H. cubicus (Lacordaire) (Brazil); H. heteromorphus Hustache (Brazil); H. abdominalis Hustache (Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay); H. costaricensis Hespenheide (Costa Rica); H. randiae Hespenheide (El Salvador and Mexico) and H. prenai Hespenheide (El Salvador and Mexico). The known species are predispersal seed predators whose larvae feed and develop within fruits of Rubiaceae. Species from Central America have been reared from the fruits of Randia L. (Rubiaceae). In contrast, the only host plant known for the South American species, H. abdominalis, is Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Schum. (Rubiaceae), a plant species widely distributed in the Cerrado biome, occurring from southeast to north and northeast of Brazil. Here, we describe a seventh species of Hemicolpus, H. maragatensis Sanz-Veiga, Savaris & Leivas, sp. nov., morphologically close to H. abdominalis, associated with fruits of Randia ferox (Cham. & Schltdl.) DC. in the south of Brazil. Furthermore, we designate a lectotype and provide a redescription of H. abdominalis, including additional characters to differentiate it from H. maragatensis. For both species, we provide morphological descriptions of external and internal characters, including male and female genitalia illustrations, distribution data, and notes on the biology and host plant. A barcode region of the mitochondrial DNA is also included for both species adding genetic information to the species characterization and differentiation. We also provide an identification key for the species of the genus.
Azadirachtin-based insecticide impairs testis morphology and spermatogenesis of the southern armyworm Spodoptera eridania (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
(2023-05-01) Scudeler, Elton Luiz [UNESP]; Daquila, Bruno Vinicius; de Carvalho, Shelly Favorito [UNESP]; Conte, Helio; Padovani, Carlos Roberto [UNESP]; dos Santos, Daniela Carvalho [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); State University of Maringá
Background: In the search for alternative tools for integrated pest management, azadirachtin, a botanical insecticide, has been used with the most promising activity against Spodoptera spp., but the mechanism of cytotoxicity on reproductive organs remains unclear. Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1782) is a polyphagous pest with great economic importance that has become an important target to elucidate the action of azadirachtin on the reproductive organs of insect pests, helping to understand the deleterious effects caused by its exposure. This study evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to azadirachtin on the morphology and ultrastructure of S. eridania larval testes as well as larval development. Results: Azadirachtin exposure (6 or 18 mg a.i. L−1) caused a progressive increase in cumulative mortality and reduced gain in body mass after 5 days. Testicular structure indicated a reduction in their size with internal morphological changes such as spermatogonia, spermatogonial, spermatocytes and spermatid cysts in degeneration. The occurrence of cell death in germ and somatic cells was evidenced by the TUNEL technique. Electron microscopy revealed changes in cystic cells, such as cytoplasmic membrane rupture and cytoplasmic vacuolization. Chromatin compaction, changes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex cisternae were observed in germ cells. Apoptotic bodies occurred between germ cell cysts. Conclusion: Azadirachtin damaged the testes of S. eridania larvae, and these changes compromised spermatogenesis and consequently the development of the reproductive potential of this specimen, making azadirachtin a promising botanical insecticide for application in integrated pest management programs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

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