Artigos - Educação - IBB

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Economic decision-making systems in critical times: The case of ‘Bolsa Familia’ in Brazil
(2022-09-01) Pereira Junior, Alfredo [UNESP]; Moroni, Juliana [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); University of London; Rio de Janeiro State University
Kahneman's theory of two systems assumes that human decision making in Economy is based on two cognitive systems, one that is automatic, intuitive and mostly unconscious, and one that is reflexive, rational and fully conscious. The authors consider Kahneman’s approach incomplete and limited in accounting for the creativity of embodied agents grasping the opportunities afforded by physical and social environments. This limitation leads us to argue for the existence of a third system in decision making in Economy, the creative intuition based on direct perception of affordances, addressing not only the dispositions and goals of agents but also the social and environmental responsibility of corporations and governments. The authors argue that the third decision-making system the authors propose implies a concept of intuition that is different from the type of association process discussed by Morewedge and Kahneman [2] and gives an example of the third system operation, the Bolsa Família in Brazil, and finding new options for the funding of similar programs.
Tryptophan and Biogenic Amines in the Differentiation and Quality of Honey
(2022-01-01) Borges, Cristine Vanz; Nunes, Aline; Costa, Vladimir Eliodoro [UNESP]; Orsi, Ricardo de Oliveira [UNESP]; Basilio, Leticia Silva Pereira [UNESP]; Monteiro, Gean Charles [UNESP]; Maraschin, Marcelo; Lima, Giuseppina Pace Pereira [UNESP]; Universidade Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe (UNIARP); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Honey is a natural product with beneficial properties to health and has different characteristics depending on the region of production and collection, flowering, and climate. The presence of precursor amino acids of- and biogenic amines can be important in metabolomic studies of differentiation and quality of honey. We analyzed 65 honeys from 11 distinct regions of the State of Santa Catarina (Brazil) as to the profile of amino acids and biogenic amines by HPLC. The highest L-tryptophan (Trp), 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-OH-Trp), and tryptamine (Tryp) levels were detected in Cfb climate and harvested in 2019. Although we have found high content of serotonin, dopamine, and L-dopa in Cfb climate, the highest values occurred in honey produced during the summer 2018 and at altitudes above 900 m. Results indicate that the amino acids and biogenic amine levels in honeys are good indicators of origin. These data warrant further investigation on the honey as source of amino acids precursor of serotonin, melatonin, and dopamine, what can guide the choice of food as source of neurotransmitters.
The dialectical constitution of significations and the formation of scientific concepts about synanthropic animals
(2021-01-01) Fernandes, Guilherme Augusto [UNESP]; Campos, Luciana Maria Lunardi [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
This article was based on a master's thesis research that had as a central question “which propositions for pedagogical practice, in the teaching of Science and Biology, could be elaborated from historical-critical pedagogy, considering the significations of students about synanthropic animals?” and as objective analyzing the significations of third year high school's students about synanthropic animals and extracting pedagogical appointments for the Science and Biology Teachings. This text develops some dissertation's analyzes about the role of the school as a means of socializing scientific concepts for a human formation based on social practice. Participants formed dialogue groups about animals of public health relevance. The analysis followed the methodology of nuclei of significations. As results, we found nuclei about emotions and reactions to animals; descriptions of biological characteristics; and the non-scientific cultural symbolic universe. From these analyzes, pedagogical notes were extracted based on the historical-critical pedagogy.
Brain endogenous feedback and degrees of consciousness
(2012-08-01) Carrara-Augustenborg, Claudia; Pereira Jr., Alfredo [UNESP]; Center for Theoretical and Empirical Consciousness Studies; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
We present a model able to account for the mechanisms supporting different degrees of consciousness. We support our proposal with recent evidence from brain morphology and physiology, which indicate that the central nervous system contains two parallel networks (neuronal and astroglial) establishing positive and negative feedback loops. The resonance between the distinct networks can occur in the absence of salient external stimulation and, even when such stimulation occurs, the response of the coupled networks is always dependent on the previous state of their interaction domain. We also explain complex processes occurring below the threshold of awareness as those that deploy the brain's computational resources, although without producing resonant states of sufficient magnitude to determine the individuaĺs overt acknowledgment. Our model, exemplified through the Stadium analogy, affords a plausible account of phenomenal and self-consciousness which, by resting at the outskirts of reportable cognitive activity, traditionally compound the 'hard problem' of consciousness. © 2011 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
What is consciousness? Towards a preliminary definition
(2009-08-13) Pereira Jr., Alfredo [UNESP]; Ricke, Hans; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
There is little or no general agreement about what researchers should focus on when studying consciousness. The most active scientific studies often use the methods of Cognitive Neuroscience and focus mainly on vision. Other aspects and contents of consciousness, namely thoughts and emotions, are much less studied, possibly leading to a biased view of what consciousness is and how it works. In this essay we describe what we call a referential nucleus, implicit in much of consciousness research. In this context, 'consciousness' refers to (partially) reportable content experienced by living individuals. We then discuss the philosophical concept of a phenomenal world and another contemporary view that conscious experience involves, besides integration of information in the brain, participation in action-perception cycles in a natural, social and cultural environment. These views imply a need to reconceptualize 'qualia'as the conscious aspect of subjective experiences, thus stating properties of consciousness that pose serious challenges to an exclusive approach via Cognitive Neuroscience, because experimental settings oversimplify conscious experiences, narrowing them to fragments correlated with measured brain activity and behaviour. In conclusion we argue that a science of consciousness requires a broad interdisciplinary range of research, including qualitative methods from the Human Sciences. © Imprint Academic 2005.
Combining Different Tools for EEG Analysis to Study the Distributed Character of Language Processing
(2015-01-01) Da Rocha, Armando Freitas; Foz, Flávia Benevides; Pereira, Alfredo; Research on Artificial and Natural Intelligence (RANI); CEFAC-Saúde e Educação; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Recent studies on language processing indicate that language cognition is better understood if assumed to be supported by a distributed intelligent processing system enrolling neurons located all over the cortex, in contrast to reductionism that proposes to localize cognitive functions to specific cortical structures. Here, brain activity was recorded using electroencephalogram while volunteers were listening or reading small texts and had to select pictures that translate meaning of these texts. Several techniques for EEG analysis were used to show this distributed character of neuronal enrollment associated with the comprehension of oral and written descriptive texts. Low Resolution Tomography identified the many different sets (si) of neurons activated in several distinct cortical areas by text understanding. Linear correlation was used to calculate the information H(ei) provided by each electrode of the 10/20 system about the identified si. H(ei) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to study the temporal and spatial activation of these sources si. This analysis evidenced 4 different patterns of H(ei) covariation that are generated by neurons located at different cortical locations. These results clearly show that the distributed character of language processing is clearly evidenced by combining available EEG technologies.
The law as the thinking process of life
(2006-01-01) Novelli, Pedro Geraldo Aparecido [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Sem título
(2009-01-01) Novelli, Pedro G. A. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Sentience and Conscious Experience Feeling Dizzy on a Virtual Reality Roller Coaster Ride
(Imprint Academic, 2021-01-01) Pereira Jr, Alfredo [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Sentience is defined as the capacity for feeling that (according to the target paper in this journal issue) is biologically marked by the presence of ionic waves in neural tissue and the 'lactate shuttle' that provides fuel for the increase in wave amplitudes during wakefulness. Conscious experiences are proposed to be dynamic and relational phenomena, depending on the tuning of internal dispositions of sentience (the affective drive based on sentience that motivates conscious experiences) and affordances that arise in the domain of interaction of the agent with the physical and social environment. The expression of the capacity for feeling involves, besides sensations and emotions, two other types of mental function and respective neural correlates: cognitive and enactive. Focusing on the example of a virtual reality roller coaster (VRRC) conscious experience, I combine my first-person experience of feeling dizzy in a VRRC ride with third-person scientific experimental results about its neural correlates, involving the vestibular system and the direct perception of a visual cliff, to provide an explanation as to why some people feel dizzy during the downward phase of the ride, while others do not. The proposed explanation illustrates how affective, cognitive, and enactive functions are integrated in the formation of conscious episodes.
The Role of Sentience in the Theory of Consciousness and Medical Practice
(Imprint Academic, 2021-01-01) Pereira Jr, Alfredo [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
In this target paper, I focus on the concept of sentience in relation to the theory of consciousness and to practice in the medical sciences, neurology, and psychiatry, regarding both diagnostics and therapy. Following authors in this field, I distinguish two modalities of consciousness: sentience, in the sense of being awake and capable of feeling (e.g. basic sensations of hunger, thirst, pain) and, second, cognitive consciousness, i.e. thinking and elaborating on linguistic and imagery representations. The physiological correlates of sentience are proposed to be the systems underpinning the dynamic control of biochemical homeostasis, while the correlates of cognitive consciousness are considered to be patterns of bioelectrical activity in neural networks. I claim that sentience needs to be taken in account if better tools are to be developed for medical diagnostics (e. g. by identifying biochemical markers) and therapy (e.g. using new drugs and brain stimulation technologies targeting the correlates of sentience). The main hypothesis presented here to support this claim is that cognitive consciousness depends on sentience, but not vice versa, implying that medical practice should also address the physiological correlates of sentience in the diagnostics and therapy of disorders of consciousness.
AS TEORIAS PEDAGÓGICAS E AS CONCEPÇÕES DE MUNDO DOS LICENCIANDOS EM CIÊNCIAS E BIOLOGIA
(Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2022-02-07) Pressato, Daiany [UNESP]; Campos, Luciana Maria Lunardi [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The present work is part of a master’s research and aims to identify and analyze the contradictory relationships present in the undergraduate students’ conceptions regarding pedagogical theories. Data were collected through a questionnaire and interview based on the theoretical-methodological framework of Historical Dialectical Materialism, Historical-Critical Pedagogy and Historical-Cultural Psychology. The analysis of the interviews were made through these categories: consciousness (unreflected and reflected/phylosophycal), catharsis and worldview. It was possible to identify the students’ consciousness about the pedagogical theories and how the catharsis - essential to theorical thinking’s development - can form and transform the students’ worldview about the teacher’s work.
A EXPERIÊNCIA DE UM GRUPO DE PROFESSORES ENVOLVENDO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA E INFORMÁTICA
(Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2007-06) Gabini, Wanderlei Sebastião [UNESP]; Diniz, Renato Eugênio Da Silva [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
The main goal of this work was to investigate the insertion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as strategy for the Chemistry teaching. During the meetings of a teachers' group of this discipline, had been discussed some subjects as the experiences already lived by them about this subject, the analysis and exploration of softwares, besides the elaboration and application of a proposal of class in the Computer lab of the schools where they acted. It was evident, in this study, the importance of a space where the professor can discuss its practical professional, to plan available didactic actions and to know softwares, as well as the fact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) being a viable resource in the education of Chemistry.
A INSERÇÃO DE CONCEITOS CIENTÍFICOS NO COTIDIANO ESCOLAR
(Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2006) Manechine, Selma Rosana Santiago [UNESP]; Gabini, Wanderlei Sebastião [UNESP]; Caldeira, Ana Maria De Andrade [UNESP]; Diniz, Renato Eugênio Da Silva [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
The present study detaches the valuation of the learning process, emphasizing the integration of disciplines and the contextualization of the teaching process. The integrator instrument of this study was the production of some essential oils, that involved scientific concepts related to Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology and Geography. After the students had answered to a previous questionnaire about a company, they were invited to visit the its installations, with they teachers and guided to take some informations about a kind of substance, named alfabisabolol, like its raw material exploration, production and trade. It was noticed a great devotion of the students during the activities developed on this project, probably because the subjects were part of their personal, social and cultural reality.
A Tomada de Consciência sobre o uso de Analogias Espontâneas: Contribuições de uma Formação Continuada Desenvolvida com Professoras de Ciências
(Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação para a Ciência, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências, campus de Bauru., 2020-11-20) Almeida, Hederson Aparecido De [UNESP]; Diniz, Renato Eugênio Da Silva [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Analogies are comparisons between a known concept and an unknown concept. Teachers use them to facilitate the learning of scientific concepts in science teaching, but when using analogies, systematic planning is necessary. The goal of this study was to analyze the contribution of a collaborative and reflective continuing education initiative to the awareness of science teachers about the spontaneous use of analogies. The research approach was qualitative and involved the participation of three teachers. Reflections of the participants generated in the course and in a group-discussion session were the data used in the analysis. Discursive Textual Analysis was used as an analytical framework. Results indicate that the course permitted teachers to reflect on their practice and to question the initial teaching education they had had. The principles of reflection and collaboration are essential for the education of science teachers who use analogies in teaching.
Apresentação
(UNESP, 2001-08) Pereira Junior, Alfredo [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
O CONCEITO DE ECOSSISTEMA EM LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE BIOLOGIA DO ENSINO MÉDIO: ABORDAGEM E POSSÍVEIS IMPLICAÇÕES
(Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2020-07-13) Bezzon, Rodolfo Zampieri [UNESP]; Diniz, Renato Eugênio Da Silva [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Researches suggest that the textbook has a major role at scholar environments, especially after the creation of the Textbook National Program (TNP). The objectives of this study were to identify and analyze how the ecosystem concept is approached in the collections of Biology textbooks selected from the TNP/2015. Investigating how the ecosystem concept is presented in textbooks is important for the teaching-learning process in Ecology, because this concept foments great part of the environmental politics discussions and the researches in Biology. Besides, the textbook can be used as a guide to structure classes and it is subject to conflicts of interest. In this study, three didactic collections were analyzed using Bardin’s (2011) Content Analysis, with interpretation of how the contents present in the collections of textbooks approach and direct the signification of the ecosystem concept. The results demonstrate a pattern on the approach through all collections that simplifies, do not historicize and neither criticize the ecosystem concept.
BIOLOGY APP AS A MEDIATOR OF SCIENCE EDUCATION: WHAT DO HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS THINK?
(Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Educacao, 2021-04-01) Monte Carmelo, Fernando Biasi do [UNESP]; Gomes, Paulo Cesar [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
The proper use and insertion of Mobile and Wireless Information and Communication Technologies can significantly favor different possibilities in the teaching-learning-evaluation process in Biology teaching. Our central objective of this text was to investigate how students from a public high school perceive their learning in the Biology curricular component and the relationship they have with TIMS, especially regarding the smartphone use. A self-administered questionnaire was used, which was applied in the presence of the researcher, answered by 220 participants. The results showed that more than 97% of students have access to TIMS, more than 60% use smartphones for more than six hours/day, and 75% of them said they liked biological content. However, the use of TIMS, with pedagogical purpose in the classroom, is denied or neglected by biology teachers.
The Effects Of Slow Breathing Exercise On Heart Rate Dynamics And Cardiorespiratory Coherence In Preschool Children: A Prospective Clinical Study
(Innovision Communications, 2020-07-01) Cruz, Marina Zuanazzi [UNESP]; Godoy, Moacir Fernandes de; Valenti, Vitor E. [UNESP]; Pereira Jr, Alfredo [UNESP]; Dias Cardoso, Roberto Antonio; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
Background . Slow breathing has been used to improve psychophysiological regulation due to positive action on the autonomic nervous system. Primary Study Objective . We evaluated the effects of slow breathing on heart rate autonomic control in preschool-aged children. Methods/Design . Prospective clinical study. Setting . Campinas, Brazil. Participants . We included 42 children in the experimental group (age 5.7 +/- 0.3) and 33 children in the control group (age 6.2 +/- 0.3). Intervention . Children received a daily training of eight weeks duration for practicing a slow breathing technique. Primary Outcome Measures . We analyzed heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiorespiratory coherence at rest under spontaneous breathing and during respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) at the end of the 1st, 4th, and 8th weeks of training. Results . The percentage of high coherence ratio increased (P < .0001), HRV reduced (SDNN, P = .0066; RMSSD, P = .0015; pNN50, P < .0001; SD1, P= .0015; SD2, P = .0166) and the complexity of HRV increased (ApEn, P = .0004; MSE area, P < .0001; DFAaI, P = .0001; ShanEnt, P = .0106; Lmean, P= .0066) during RSA compared to spontaneous breathing after slow breathing training period. Conclusion . Slow breathing training exercise induced increased cardiorespiratory coherence and increased nonlinear behavior of heart rate dynamics suggesting improvements in health status. Increased cardiorespiratory coherence reinforces the importance of including respiratory exercises in strategies that aim to promote physical health and self-regulation skills in educational settings.
The effects of slow breathing exercise on heart rate dynamics and cardiorespiratory coherence in preschool children: A prospective clinical study
(2020-07-01) Cruz, Marina Zuanazzi [UNESP]; de Godoy, Moacir Fernandes; Valenti, Vitor E. [UNESP]; Pereira, Alfredo [UNESP]; Cardoso, Roberto Antonio Dias; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); FAMERP; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
Background • Slow breathing has been used to improve psychophysiological regulation due to positive action on the autonomic nervous system. Primary Study Objective • We evaluated the effects of slow breathing on heart rate autonomic control in preschool-aged children. Methods/Design • Prospective clinical study. Setting • Campinas, Brazil. Participants • We included 42 children in the experimental group (age 5.7 ± 0.3) and 33 children in the control group (age 6.2 ± 0.3). Intervention • Children received a daily training of eight weeks duration for practicing a slow breathing technique. Primary Outcome Measures • We analyzed heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiorespiratory coherence at rest under spontaneous breathing and during respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) at the end of the 1st, 4th, and 8th weeks of training. Results • The percentage of high coherence ratio increased (P <.0001), HRV reduced (SDNN, P =.0066; RMSSD, P =.0015; pNN50, P <;.0001; SD1, P =.0015; SD2, P =.0166) and the complexity of HRV increased (ApEn, P =.0004; MSE area, P <.0001; DFAαl, P =.0001; ShanEnt, P =.0106; Lmean, P =.0066) during RSA compared to spontaneous breathing after slow breathing training period. Conclusion • Slow breathing training exercise induced increased cardiorespiratory coherence and increased nonlinear behavior of heart rate dynamics suggesting improvements in health status. Increased cardiorespiratory coherence reinforces the importance of including respiratory exercises in strategies that aim to promote physical health and self-regulation skills in educational settings.
Translation of a Brazilian educational booklet concerning hydrocephalus into Spanish as spoken in Spain
(2020-01-01) Garcia de Avila, Marla Andréia [UNESP]; Rodríguez González, Raquel; Negrão Moreira, Karen [UNESP]; de Godoy, Ilda [UNESP]; Tavares, Paloma de Aro Jorge [UNESP]; Lira, Carlos Cézar Sousa de [UNESP]; Ferreira, Ana Silvia Sartori Barraviera Seabra [UNESP]; Hamamoto Filho, Pedro Tadao [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); University of Santiago de Compostela
Purpose: A booklet for children with hydrocephalus and their parents was presented. This study translated the Brazilian version of the booklet “Laura's diary: knowing hydrocephalus and its treatment” into Spanish as spoken in Spain. Methodology: This methodological study conducted in Spain (Universidad de Santiago de Compostela) and Brazil (Botucatu Medical School) undertook the following translation steps: translation, using two Brazilian translators fluent in Spanish; synthesis, involving a Spanish nurse with experience in education; and back-translation, using a Brazilian translator and nurse fluent in Spanish. Findings: The two versions of the initial translation were similar, with few amendments necessary during the consensus meeting between the researchers to achieve synthesis of the translations. The two versions of the back-translation were very similar to the original. Conclusion: A free Spanish booklet was presented to minimize the negative effects of surgery, empower families, and aid future research between Brazil and Spain. Mismanagement of a disease can affect a child's quality of life. Communication is essential for health education to help ensure greater participation of patients and families in care plans.

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