Artigos - Fisiologia - IBB

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Oocyte secreted factors control genes regulating FSH signaling and the maturation cascade in cumulus cells: the oocyte is not in a hurry
(2023-01-01) Buratini, Jose [UNESP]; Dellaqua, Thaisy Tino [UNESP]; de Lima, Paula Fernanda [UNESP]; Renzini, Mario Mignini; Canto, Mariabeatrice Dal; Price, Christopher A.; Reproductive Medicine Centre; Clinica EUGIN; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Université de Montréal
Abstract: Purpose: To assess the effects of the oocyte on mRNA abundance of FSHR, AMH and major genes of the maturation cascade (AREG, EREG, ADAM17, EGFR, PTGS2, TNFAIP6, PTX3, and HAS2) in bovine cumulus cells. Methods: (1) Intact cumulus-oocyte complexes, (2) microsurgically oocytectomized cumulus-oolema complexes (OOX), and (3) OOX + denuded oocytes (OOX+DO) were subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM) stimulated with FSH for 22 h or with AREG for 4 and 22 h. After IVM, cumulus cells were separated and relative mRNA abundance was measured by RT-qPCR. Results: After 22 h of FSH-stimulated IVM, oocytectomy increased FSHR mRNA levels (p=0.005) while decreasing those of AMH (p=0.0004). In parallel, oocytectomy increased mRNA abundance of AREG, EREG, ADAM17, PTGS2, TNFAIP6, and PTX3, while decreasing that of HAS2 (p<0.02). All these effects were abrogated in OOX+DO. Oocytectomy also reduced EGFR mRNA levels (p=0.009), which was not reverted in OOX+DO. The stimulatory effect of oocytectomy on AREG mRNA abundance (p=0.01) and its neutralization in OOX+DO was again observed after 4 h of AREG-stimulated IVM. After 22 h of AREG-stimulated IVM, oocytectomy and addition of DOs to OOX caused the same effects on gene expression observed after 22 h of FSH-stimulated IVM, except for ADAM17 (p<0.025). Conclusion: These findings suggest that oocyte-secreted factors inhibit FSH signaling and the expression of major genes of the maturation cascade in cumulus cells. These may be important actions of the oocyte favoring its communication with cumulus cells and preventing premature activation of the maturation cascade.
Action of mineralocorticoid and sex steroids on sodium transport in toad skin
(1972-07-03) Cirne, Bario; Malnic, Gerhard; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Short circuit current (s.c.c.) and potential difference (PD) were measured in control toad skin and after the addition of aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone acetate. A significant effect was seen only when skins were preincubated for 12 h with the hormones. After this preincubation with mineralocorticoids or with sex steroids (estradiol, progesterone and testosterone), a kinetic study was performed measuring s.c.c. at different levels of Na+ in the external medium. The results indicated that Na+ transport followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics between 5 and 50 mequiv/l Na+. V was significantly higher in all hormone-preincubated skins, the effect of mineralocorticoids being considerably greater than that of sex steroids. On the other hand, Km was not significantly different from controls in most cases, and did not show a definite trend in the remainder, indicating no major alteration in the affinity between Na+ and its transport system. Skin resistances fell in both chloride and sulfate Ringer solutions with mineralocorticoids, but only in the latter medium with estradiol and progesterone, and not at all with testosterone. In conclusion, sex steroids stimulate Na+ transport significantly, but to a lesser degree than mineralocorticoids; their effect on skin conductance is relatively smaller than that on Na+ transport. © 1972.
Citral Modulates MMP-2 and MMP-9 Activities on Healing of Gastric Ulcers Associated with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity
(2023-03-01) Ohara, Rie [UNESP]; Dario, Felipe Lima [UNESP]; Emílio-Silva, Maycon Tavares [UNESP]; Assunção, Renata [UNESP]; Rodrigues, Vinícius Peixoto [UNESP]; Bueno, Gabriela [UNESP]; Raimundo, Priscila Romano [UNESP]; da Rocha, Lúcia Regina Machado [UNESP]; Hiruma-Lima, Clelia Akiko [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Obesity causes low-grade inflammation that results in the development of comorbidities. In people with obesity, exacerbation of gastric lesion severity and delayed healing may aggravate gastric mucosal lesions. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the citral effects on gastric lesion healing in eutrophic and obese animals. C57Bl/6 male mice were divided into two groups: animals fed a standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Gastric ulcers were induced using acetic acid (80%) in both groups. Citral (25, 100, or 300 mg/kg) was administered orally for 3 or 10 days. A vehicle-treated negative control (1% Tween 80, 10 mL/kg) and lansoprazole-treated (30 mg/kg) were also established. Lesions were macroscopically examined by quantifying regenerated tissue and ulcer areas. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and -9) were analyzed by zymography. The ulcer base area between the two examined periods was significantly reduced in HFD 100 and 300 mg/kg citral-treated animals. In the 100 mg/kg citral-treated group, healing progression was accompanied by reduced MMP-9 activity. Accordingly, HFD could alter MMP-9 activity, delaying the initial healing phase. Although macroscopic changes were undetectable, 10-day treatment with 100 mg/kg citral exhibited improved scar tissue progression in obese animals, with reduced MMP-9 activity and modulation of MMP-2 activation.
Effects of stress-associated odor on ventilation rate and feeding performance in Nile tilapia
(2022-01-01) Carneiro, Victória Cristina Lucifero [UNESP]; Delicio, Helton Carlos [UNESP]; Barreto, Rodrigo Egydio [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
In this study, we described immediate/acute reactions to stress-related chemical cues (SC–Stress Cue) in fish. Specifically, we evaluated the effects of SC on ventilation rate (VR) and feeding behavior in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), a highly relevant species for world aquaculture, therefore, to understand the diversity of stressful contexts and stress responses in this species have important practical applications (stress reduction). Stress cue was obtained from conspecifics exposed to a handling stressor. Stress was confirmed by measuring plasma cortisol levels. The responses to SC were contrasted to chemical control cues: a cue originated from non-stressed conspecifics and pure water (vehicle control). We observed that Nile tilapia exposed to SC had an increase in VR, but without effects on feeding behavior (feeding latency and ingestion). Thus, the SC is a stressor that induces readily stress response (VR increase), suggesting sympathetic activation, but did not change feeding performance. In practical terms, it is positive because although social propagation of stress via SC elicits a stress response, it did not harm appetite.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FREEZING SOLUTIONS ON CANINE MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL CRYOPRESERVATION
(Elsevier B.V., 2022-10-01) Landim, F. C. [UNESP]; Santos, B. A. [UNESP]; Bussiman, F. O. [UNESP]; Dellaqua, T. T.; Alvarenga, M. L. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Sch Anim Sci
CANINE MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS CULTURED WITH DESFERRIOXAMINE (DFO) AND INTERFERON GAMMA TO MIMICKING HYPOXIA AND INFLAMMATION CONDITIONS
(Elsevier B.V., 2022-10-01) Landim, F. C. [UNESP]; Ortiz, P. E. O. [UNESP]; Aristizabal, V. H. V. [UNESP]; Stuart, J. B. A. P. [UNESP]; Dellaqua, T. T. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Omics Biotecnol Anim Ltda
Influence of Non-invasive Ventilation in an Adult Patient With Acute Epiglottitis: a Case Report
(Cureus Inc, 2022-10-22) Bamadhaf, Wail [UNESP]; AlRahma, Ali [UNESP]; Ali, Khalid [UNESP]; Hamoud, Khaled [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Sch Anim Sci
Adult acute epiglottitis is a rare, life-threatening disease that requires prompt airway management, resuscitation, and stabilization. This case report discusses a patient with type Iota Iota respiratory failure due to acute epiglottitis, which was managed successfully with non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation in the emergency department.We report a case of a male patient in his 30s who arrived at the emergency department complaining of sore throat, cough, and shortness of breath. He was found to be in severe respiratory distress. The patient's condition improved dramatically after non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation, which prevented the need for endotracheal intubation. He was admitted to the ICU and discharged without complications five days later.Non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation may help manage moderate cases of acute epiglottitis with partial airway obstruction as a bridging therapy until other treatments have decreased edema, thus preventing the need for endotracheal intubation.
Non-commercial Plants of Medicinal Purposes from the Brazilian Biomes for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases
(Studium Press Llc, 2010-01-01) Pellizzon, Claudia Helena [UNESP]; Rozza, Ariane Leite [UNESP]; Paula Vasconcelos, Paulo Cesar de [UNESP]; Andreo, Marcio Adriano; Vilegas, Wagner [UNESP]; Hiruma-Lima, Clelia Akiko [UNESP]; Govil, JN; Singh, VK; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Medicinal plants are used, in many cases, with little or without knowledge regarding their pharmacological and toxicological properties. Researches involving natural products are normally guided by the ethnopharmacological knowledge and have been contributing for the drug improvement leading to the determination of new structures and action mechanisms. In this chapter, we will discuss three medicinal plants from Cerrado - Alchornea glandulosa Poepp. & Endl. (Euphorbiaceae), Byrsonima fagifolia Nied. (Malpighiaceae) and Mouriri pusa Gardn.(Melastomataceae) indicating by ethnopharmacological tools to gastrointestinal disturbs. Based on pre-clinical assays (cicatrisation and cytoprotective process in gastric models) that simulated the gastrointestinal pathogenesis in man these plants proved that chemical and pharmacological research can be of an effective therapies safe and efficient against gastroduodenal diseases.
Aggressive Behaviour and Sleep: History, Review, and Perspectives
(2018-01-01) Pires, Gabriel Natan; Tufik, Sergio; Hoshino, Katsumasa [UNESP]; Levy Andersen, Monica; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The relationship between sleep and behaviour has been studied in the context of several fields. It is known that changes in sleep pattern as well as sleep disorders are intimately linked to both cognitive and behavioural co-morbidities, including aggressive behaviour. Although the relationship between sleep and aggression has been examined from different angles, particularly in the past decade, the literature lacks a comprehensive and broad review of findings on the topic. The current review seeks to condense the content of the literature on sleep and aggressive behaviour by bringing the interface of these two themes to light. Herein, first, historical overview on the studies about this relationship is provided. Following, the basic concepts of both themes are presented in a concise manner, thus enabling a critical and summarized discussion regarding the main findings in both laboratory animals and humans concerning the association of sleep and aggressive behaviour. Finally, the main perspectives in this field of research are highlighted. Based on the reviewed studies, it becomes plausible to conclude that sleep deprivation induces aggression in several contexts. The opposite relationship, aggressive behavioural phenotype inducing changes in sleep parameters, is applicable in a lower extent. Despite the need for additional investigations into the subject, this review summarized the knowledge that exists on the relationship between sleep and aggressive behaviour, pointing out its neurobiological relevance.
Potassium effect on the morphology, nutrition and production of Carthamus tinctorius L. under water deficiency and rehydration
(Springer, 2022-11-01) Silva, Dayane Mercia Ribeiro [UNESP]; Santos, Jania Claudia Camilo dos [UNESP]; Christensen, Nicholas [UNESP]; Silva, Marcelo de Almeida [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Water deficit affects safflower development, but its effects can be mitigated by potassium fertilization. We use morphological, nutritional and production components to evaluate the effect of potassium fertilization in safflower response to water deficiency and subsequent rehydration. The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme, consisting of doses (0, 80, 160 kg ha(-1)) of potassium chloride (KCl) and water tensions in the soil, - 10 kPa (without water deficiency), - 50 kPa (moderate water deficiency) and - 70 kPa (severe water deficiency), with four repetitions. Plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of capitula and stem diameter were evaluated at 30 days after the imposition of water regimes and at 20 days after rehydration. The nutritional status of leaves and grains was evaluated after rehydration and at harvest, respectively, through the levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). Potassium fertilization positively influenced morphology, nutrition and safflower production, and the effects were accentuated with the application of 160 kg ha(-1) of KCl without water deficiency and under moderate water deficiency. Under severe water deficiency, there was no recovery of safflower. Therefore, the dose of 160 kg ha(-1) of KCl is adequate to mitigate the effects of only moderate water deficiency in safflower.
The putative roles of FSH and AMH in the regulation of oocyte developmental competence: from fertility prognosis to mechanisms underlying age-related subfertility
(2022-02-28) Buratini, Jose [UNESP]; Dellaqua, Thaisy Tino [UNESP]; Dal Canto, Mariabeatrice; La Marca, Antonio; Carone, Domenico; Mignini Renzini, Mario; Webb, Robert; Istituti Clinici Zucchi; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; University of Nottingham
BACKGROUND: Fertility loss during female ageing is associated with increasing basal FSH and decreasing anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations, together with compromised oocyte quality, presumably due to increased oxidative stress (OS) and DNA damage, as well as reduced metabolic and meiotic competences. Basal FSH and AMH circulatory concentrations have been broadly utilized as IVF success predictors, regardless of fluctuations in prognostic accuracy; basal FSH and AMH perform better in pre-advanced maternal age (AMA: >35 years) and AMA patients, respectively. The relationships between FSH and AMH intrafollicular levels and IVF outcomes suggest, nevertheless, that both hormones regulate oocyte competence, supporting the hypothesis that changes in FSH/AMH levels cause, at least in part, oocyte quality degradation during ageing. To understand the reasons behind the fluctuations in FSH and AMH prognostic accuracies and to clarify their participation in mechanisms determining oocyte competence and age-related subfertility, a deeper knowledge of the regulation of FSH and AMH intrafollicular signalling during the female reproductive lifespan, and of their effects on the cumulus-oocyte complex, is required. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE: An extensive body of information on the regulation of FSH and AMH intrafollicular availability and signalling, as well as on the control of folliculogenesis and oocyte metabolism, has been accumulated. However, these datasets have been explored within the relatively narrow boundaries of their specific subjects. Given the aforementioned gaps in knowledge and their clinical relevance, herein we integrate clinical and basic data, within a wide biological perspective, aiming to shed light on (i) the reasons for the variability in the accuracy of serum FSH and AMH as fertility markers, and on (ii) the potential roles of these hormones in mechanisms regulating oocyte quality, particularly those associated with ageing. SEARCH METHODS: The PubMed database encompassing the period between 1960 and 2021 was searched. Principal search terms were FSH, FSH receptor, AMH, oocyte, maternal age, cumulus, transzonal projections (TZPs), actin, OS, redox, reactive oxygen species, mitochondria, DNA damage, DNA repair, aneuploidy, spindle, meiosis, gene expression, transcription, translation, oocyte secreted factors (OSFs), cAMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, natriuretic peptide C, growth differentiation factor 9, bone morphogenetic protein 15 and fibroblast growth factor. OUTCOMES: Our analysis suggests that variations in the accuracy of fertility prognosis reflect a modest association between circulatory AMH levels and oocyte quality as well as increasing basal FSH inter-cycle variability with age. In addition, the basic and clinical data articulated herein support the hypothesis that increased intrafollicular FSH levels, as maternal age advances, may override the physiological protective influences of AMH and OSFs against excessive FSH signalling in cumulus cells. This would result in the disruption of oocyte homeostasis via reduced TZP-mediated transfer of cumulus-derived molecules essential for meiotic competence, gene expression, redox activity and DNA repair. WIDER IMPLICATIONS: In-depth data analysis, encompassing a wide biological perspective has revealed potential causative mechanisms of age-related subfertility triggered by alterations in FSH/AMH signalling during the female reproductive life. Insights from new mechanistic models arising from this analysis should contribute to advancing our comprehension of oocyte biology in humans and serve as a valuable reference for novel AMA subfertility treatments aimed at improving oocyte quality through the modulation of AMH/FSH action.
Physiological parameters related to oocyte nuclear differentiation for the improvement of IVM/IVF outcomes in women and cattle
(2021-01-01) Buratini, Jose [UNESP]; Soares, Ana Caroline Silva [UNESP]; Barros, Rodrigo Garcia; Dellaqua, Thaisy Tino [UNESP]; Lodde, Valentina; Franciosi, Federica; Dal Canto, Mariabeatrice; Renzini, Mario Mignini; Luciano, Alberto Maria; Istituti Clinici Zucchi; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); University of Milan
In vitro maturation (IVM) has been applied in numerous different contexts and strategies in humans and animals, but in both cases it represents a challenge still far from being overcome. Despite the large dataset produced over the last two decades on the mechanisms that govern antral follicular development and oocyte metabolism and differentiation, IVM outcomes are still unsatisfactory. This review specifically focuses on data concerning the potential consequences of using supraphysiological levels of FSH during IVM, as well as on the regulation of oocyte chromatin dynamics and its utility as a potential marker of oocyte developmental competence. Taken together, the data revisited herein indicate that a significant improvement in IVM efficacy may be provided by the integration of pre-OPU patient-specific protocols preparing the oocyte population for IVM and more physiological culture systems mimicking more precisely the follicular environment that would be experienced by the recovered oocytes until completion of metaphase II.
A Psychological Aversive Condition Does Not Change Individual Zebrafish Preference For Background Color Or Artificial Plant Enrichments
(2021-01-01) Maia, Caroline Marques [UNESP]; Volpato, Gilson Luiz [UNESP]; Braithwaite, Victoria Anne; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Penn State University
Information on fish preference for environmental conditions can be a useful tool to offer them what they want, an important requirement for welfare purposes. Giving that such an approach deals with psychological states of the fish, we investigated whether psychological stress affects fish preference. In this study, we found that the aversive condition of crossing a white open field did not change individual zebrafish’s preference for color background or for plant enrichments, despite a great individual variability of preference response. We conclude that individual preferences for environmental conditions are maintained even following a psychological stressor, and highlight that variability in preference options among individuals raises questions about how to best improve welfare of grouped zebrafish.
Sperm donation: an alternative to improve post-ICSI live birth rates in advanced maternal age patients
(2021-07-19) Mignini Renzini, M.; Dal Canto, M.; Guglielmo, M. C.; Garcia, D.; De Ponti, E.; La Marca, A.; Vassena, R.; Buratini, J. [UNESP]; Clinica EUGIN; Istituti Clinici Zucchi; ASST Monza; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
STUDY QUESTION: Can sperm donation increase live birth rates following ICSI in advanced maternal age (AMA) patients? SUMMARY ANSWER: Sperm donation increases the live birth rate in AMA ICSI cycles. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: In ICSI practice, sperm donation has been predominantly applied to overcome male infertility. The involvement of paternal age and lower sperm quality in the severe reduction in fertility observed in AMA patients remains to be clarified. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Retrospective multicenter cohort study including data generated between 2015 and 2019 from 755 ICSI cycles achieving a fresh embryo transfer, of which 337 were first homologous cycles (normozoospermic partner sperm and homologous oocytes) and 418 were first sperm donation cycles (donor sperm and homologous oocytes). The association of sperm origin (partner vs donor) with live birth was assessed by multivariate analysis in non-AMA (<37 years, n = 278) and AMA (≥37 years, n = 477) patients, separately, including in the model all variables previously found to be associated with live birth in a univariate analysis (number of MII oocytes recovered, number of embryos transferred, and maternal age). ICSI outcomes were compared between sperm donation and homologous cycles in overall, non-AMA and AMA patients. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: The study was conducted in three fertility clinics and included 755 Caucasian patients aged 24-42 years undergoing their first homologous or sperm donation ICSI cycle achieving a fresh embryo transfer. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: The multivariate analysis revealed that sperm donation was positively associated with the likelihood of a live birth independently of all other variables tested in AMA (P = 0.02), but not in non-AMA patients. Live birth, delivery, and miscarriage rates differed substantially between sperm donation and homologous AMA cycles; live birth and delivery rates were 70-75% higher (25.4% vs 14.5% and 22.5% vs 13.5%, respectively; P < 0.01), while miscarriage occurrence was less than half (18.0% vs 39.5%; P < 0.01) in sperm donation compared to homologous AMA cycles. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: This study is limited by its retrospective nature, differences in patients profiles between sperm donation and homologous-control groups and varying proportion of donor cycles between fertility centers, although these variations have been controlled for in the statistical analysis. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The findings suggest that sperm donation increases live birth rates while reducing miscarriage occurrence in AMA patients, and thus may be a valid strategy to improve ICSI outcomes in this growing and challenging patient group.N/A.
Early embryo morphokinetics is a better predictor of post-ICSI live birth than embryo morphology: Speed is more important than beauty at the cleavage stage
(2021-01-01) Bartolacci, Alessandro; Dal Canto, Mariabeatrice; Guglielmo, Maria Cristina; Mura, Laura; Brigante, Claudio; Mignini Renzini, Mario; Buratini, Jose [UNESP]; Istituti Clinici Zucchi; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Given the importance of embryo developmental competence assessment in reproductive medicine and biology, the aim of this study was to compare the performance of fertilization and cleavage morphokinetics with embryo morphology to predict post-ICSI live birth. Data from embryos cultured in a time-lapse microscopy (TLM) incubator and with known live birth outcomes (LB: embryos achieving live birth, n = 168; NLB: embryos not achieving live birth, n = 1633) were used to generate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves based on morphokinetic or morphological scores, and the respective areas under the curve (AUC) were compared. The association between live birth and 12 combinations of four morphokinetic quality degrees (A-D) with three morphological quality degrees (A-C) was assessed using multivariate analysis. Morphokinetic parameters from tPNa to t8 were reached earlier in LB compared with NLB embryos. The ROC curve analysis indicated that morphokinetic information is more accurate than conventional morphology to predict live birth [AUC = 0.64 (95% CI 0.58-0.70) versus AUC = 0.58 (95% CI 0.51-0.65)]. The multivariate analysis was in line with AUCs, revealing that embryos with poor morphokinetics, independently of their morphology, provide lower live birth rates (P < 0.001). A considerable percentage of embryos with top morphology presented poor morphokinetics (20.10%), accompanied by a severely reduced live birth rate in comparison with embryos with top morphology and morphokinetics (P < 0.001). In conclusion, TLM-derived early morphokinetic parameters were more predictive of live-birth achievement following ICSI than conventional morphology.
Recreating the Follicular Environment: A Customized Approach for In Vitro Culture of Bovine Oocytes Based on the Origin and Differentiation State
(2021-01-01) Luciano, Alberto Maria; Barros, Rodrigo Garcia; Soares, Ana Caroline Silva [UNESP]; Buratini, Jose [UNESP]; Lodde, Valentina; Franciosi, Federica; University of Milan; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Reproductive Medicine Centre
The mammalian ovary is a large source of oocytes organized into follicles at various stages of folliculogenesis. However, only a limited number of them can be used for in vitro embryo production (IVEP), while most have yet to complete growth and development to attain full meiotic and embryonic developmental competence. While the in vitro growth of primordial follicles in the ovarian cortex has the potential to produce mature oocytes, it is still at an experimental stage. The population of early antral follicles (EAFs), instead, may represent a reserve of oocytes close to completing the growth phase, which might be more easily exploited in vitro and could increase the number of female gametes dedicated to IVEP. Here we present in vitro culture strategies that have been developed utilizing physiological parameters to support the specific needs of oocytes at distinct stages of differentiation, in order to expand the source of female gametes for IVEP by maximizing the attainment of fertilizable oocytes. Furthermore, these culture systems provide powerful tools to dissect the molecular processes that direct the final differentiation of the mammalian oocyte.
Sleep patterns in rats
(2015-01-01) Hoshino, Katsumasa [UNESP]; Andersen, Monica Levy; Papale, Ligia Assumpção; Alvarenga, Tathiana Aparecida Fernandes; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
The rat, a mammal of the Rodentia order that encompasses several species with the most ubiquitous being the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) and the black rat (Rattus rattus), is present in all latitudes of the globe. Thanks to their tremendous ability to withstand and survive adverse conditions, the rat has been used in biological experimentation for a 100 years. In the first half of the twentieth century, several breeds and strains were created through successive breeding between males and females that possessed specific characteristics. These have been utilized in distinct fields of research because of their known genetic properties. Today, the most widely used experimental animal is the albino rat, selected at the Wistar Institute of Philadelphia, whose fur is entirely white (hence the name albino rat or the Wistar rat). This strain, called Rattus norvegicus albinus, is characterized by the complete absence of melanin in the fur and in the iris. The word albino derives from the Latin adjective albus, meaning white.
Avaliação da impulsividade em ratos privados de sono REM
(2012-12-01) Pezzato, Fernanda A.; Silveira, Drielly T. L. [UNESP]; Novais, Diego B. [UNESP]; Hoshino, Katsumasa [UNESP]; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The progress of knowledge in the area of mental health still depends, at least in part, on the development of experimental paradigms using laboratory animals. In such context, sleep deprivation and its effects were proposed as an animal model of mania. Although being a prominent manifestation of mania, the increased impulsivity in sleep deprived rats seems to be not experimentally confirmed, albeit its occurrence foresaw. Such fact may be explained as due the short lasting duration of the behavioral effects of sleep deprivation, which seems to hinder long lasting evaluations. The present study, therefore, demonstrated an alternative way to operationally apprehend impulsivity and used it to confirm the higher impulsivity levels in sleep deprived rats. The latency, number of episodes, and the total time displayed by rats to move from a safe platform to narrow runways, where the risk to drop into a water tank was high, showed to lower after experiencing fall, indicating an increase in consequence evaluation. Sleep deprived rats showed a significantly greater number of displacements to strait runways and a greater time spent in this risk situation. It is concluded that the method used is reliable and allows confirming the occurrence of enhanced impulsivity in sleep deprived rats.
Limpeza corporal, ansiedade experimental e privação de sono paradoxal em ratos
(2012-12-01) Nunes, Helga Caputo [UNESP]; Pezzato, Fernanda Augustini [UNESP]; Hoshino, Katsumasa [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Objective: Paradoxical sleep deprivation increases grooming behaviors in rats. Discordant data on the change promoted by such deprivation on the experimentally defined anxiety levels have made difficult to assess if the deprivation induced grooming may be used as an experimental model of repetitive behaviors, observed in different psychiatric disorders, due increased anxiety levels. In such context, the present study aims to report data gathering grooming and anxiety in rats. Methods: The degrees of tidiness displayed by female (n=26) and male (n=27) rats were evaluated after a period of maintenance in home-cages provided with wood shavings that have the property to dye animal's fur. In the second study, the tidiness degrees were evaluated after 96 h of sleep deprivation in anxious male rats (n=6) and compared to non-anxious controls (n=6). Results: Females, that are believed to be more anxious than males, displayed higher tidiness (0% colored females x 96% colored males) in the first study. All anxious male rats (100%) that displayed wild running in response to intense acoustic stimulation showed better tidiness than their controls at the end of 96 h sleep deprivation. Conclusions: Our data suggest that self-grooming in rats is tightly related to anxiety and allows the interpretation that its increased occurrence in sleep deprivation results from its anxiolytic or tranquilizing property.
Is sleep deprivation involved in domestic violence?
(2009-12-01) Hoshino, Katsumasa [UNESP]; Pasqualini, Juliana Campregher [UNESP]; D'Oliveira, Érika Pessanha [UNESP]; Da Silva, Claudia Pires [UNESP]; Modesto, Ângela Esteves [UNESP]; Silveira, Rafael Silva M. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
background and objective: Sleep deprivation promotes an increase in aggressiveness; however, this effect has not been investigated in humans. Since high alcohol intake promotes desynchronized sleep deprivation and alcoholism is directly associated with domestic violence (DV), this study aimed to collect information on sleep characteristics, anxiety, and alcohol consumption by DV perpetrators. Methods: Having this purpose in mind, 53 female victims of physical violence perpetrated by their intimate partners (DV group) were interviewed after providing free informed consent. The interviews took place on the occasion that the abused women registered a formal accusation at the Specialized Police Station for Women. The interviews were structured in a previously tested questionnaire. Results: Thirty women from the general population without any complaint of DV composed the control group. The DV group showed prevalent insomnia, high sleep fragmentation, intense daily snoring, a tendency to disregard sleep hygiene rules and thus feel sleepy during the day, sleep complaints, high alcohol intake, and high anxiety levels. Increased aggressiveness from their partners after a poor night's sleep was reported by 58% of DV victims, and half of them reported having been battered on those days. Conclusions: Data obtained support the possible involvement of sleep-deprivation-induced aggressiveness in DV etiology; this fact requires confrmation by further studies using other reliable methods.

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