Desenvolvimento, produtividade e sobrevivência de maracujazeiro-amarelo enxertado e cultivado em área com histórico de morte prematura de plantas
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Data
2011-06-01
Autores
Cavichioli, José Carlos
Corrêa, Luiz de Souza [UNESP]
Garcia, Maria José de Marchi
Fischer, Ivan Herman
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Fruticultura
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento vegetativo, a produtividade e a sobrevivência do maracujazeiro-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims) enxertado sobre três porta-enxertos, em área com histórico de morte prematura de plantas. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Adamantina-SP, no período de maio de 2006 a fevereiro de 2007, adotando-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três tratamentos e sete repetições. Os porta-enxertos avaliados foram Passiflora edulis, P. alata e P. gibertii, utilizando-se da enxertia convencional por garfagem tipo fenda cheia. Avaliaram-se o diâmetro do caule do porta-enxerto e do enxerto, o comprimento do entrenó e dos ramos secundários, o número de ramos terciários e o de frutos, a massa média, o diâmetro e o comprimento médio dos frutos, a produtividade e a sobrevivência de plantas. Os resultados demonstraram que o uso da enxertia no maracujazeiro é uma opção viável como meio de propagação vegetativa, assim como forma de controle de alguns patógenos habitantes do solo, um dos problemas que têm limitado a expansão da cultura. As plantas enxertadas sobre P. edulis apresentaram melhor desenvolvimento inicial, seguido de P. gibertii e de P. alata. A menor produtividade ocorrreu em plantas sobre P. alata. Mesmo com a presença de Fusarium solani e Rotylenchulus reniformis nos solos, 91% das plantas enxertadas sobre P. gibertii sobreviveram após 12 meses de plantio no campo, enquanto em P. alata e P. edulis, esses índices foram de 60% e 8,6%, respectivamente, mostrando assim a maior tolerância às doenças causadas por patógenos habitantes do solo por P. gibertii.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetative growth, yield and survival of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) grafted on the three rootstocks in area with description of premature death of plants. The experiment was carried out in Adamantina, SP, Brazil, from May 2006 to February 2007, adopting the statistical design of randomized blocks, with three treatments and seven replications. The rootstocks evaluated were Passiflora edulis, P. alata and P. gibertii, using conventional cleft grafting. The variables evaluated were: stem diameter of the rootstocks, stem diameter of the grafts, length of internodes, length of the secondary branches, number of tertiary branches, number of fruits, average weight of fruits, diameter and length of fruits, yield and plant survival. The work demonstrated that the use of the grafting in yellow passion fruit is a viable option as vegetative propagation, as well as a means of controlling some soil pathogens, one problem that has limited the expansion of culture. It was observed that plants grafted on P. edulis presented better initial vegetative growth, followed of P. gibertii and of P. alata. The lowest yield was obtained in P. alata. It was observed that although the presence of Fusarium solani and Rotylenchulus reniformis in soil, 91% of the plants grafted on P. gibertii survival after 12 months of field planting, whereas in P. alata and P. edulis these indices were 60% and 8.6%, respectively, showing a bigger tolerance to the root diseases.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetative growth, yield and survival of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) grafted on the three rootstocks in area with description of premature death of plants. The experiment was carried out in Adamantina, SP, Brazil, from May 2006 to February 2007, adopting the statistical design of randomized blocks, with three treatments and seven replications. The rootstocks evaluated were Passiflora edulis, P. alata and P. gibertii, using conventional cleft grafting. The variables evaluated were: stem diameter of the rootstocks, stem diameter of the grafts, length of internodes, length of the secondary branches, number of tertiary branches, number of fruits, average weight of fruits, diameter and length of fruits, yield and plant survival. The work demonstrated that the use of the grafting in yellow passion fruit is a viable option as vegetative propagation, as well as a means of controlling some soil pathogens, one problem that has limited the expansion of culture. It was observed that plants grafted on P. edulis presented better initial vegetative growth, followed of P. gibertii and of P. alata. The lowest yield was obtained in P. alata. It was observed that although the presence of Fusarium solani and Rotylenchulus reniformis in soil, 91% of the plants grafted on P. gibertii survival after 12 months of field planting, whereas in P. alata and P. edulis these indices were 60% and 8.6%, respectively, showing a bigger tolerance to the root diseases.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Passifloraceae, maracujá-amarelo, enxertia, frutificação, controle de doenças, Passifloraceae, yellow passion fruit, graft, fructification, control of diseases
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura. Sociedade Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 33, n. 2, p. 567-574, 2011.