Economic analysis of the intercropping of lettuce and tomato in different seasons under protected cultivation
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Data
2010-09-01
Autores
Cecílio Filho, Arthur Bernardes [UNESP]
Rezende, Bráulio Luciano A.
Costa, Caciana C.
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Associação Brasileira de Horticultura
Resumo
A alface e o tomate são hortaliças que, em determinadas condições, podem ser cultivadas em ambiente protegido. Sob esta condição de cultivo, consorciá-las é uma alternativa para otimizar custos. Avaliou-se a viabilidade econômica de quatro cultivos consorciados de alface e tomate, em ambiente protegido, na UNESP, em Jaboticabal-SP. Os consórcios foram estabelecidos pelo transplante de alface 0, 10, 20 e 30 dias após o transplante (DAT) do tomate e vice-versa, em duas épocas (abril a setembro de 2003 e janeiro a junho de 2004), assim como monoculturas das duas hortaliças. Quando a alface foi transplantada 0, 10 e 20 dias após o transplante (DAT) do tomate, na primeira época de cultivo, e 0 DAT, na segunda época, os lucros operacionais (LO) foram superiores ao observado nas monoculturas. As taxas de retorno (TR), no primeiro cultivo, apresentaram o mesmo comportamento de LO, enquanto, na segunda época, TR dos consórcios foram inferiores às das monoculturas. Consórcios com o transplante do tomate após alface, na primeira e segunda época de cultivo, apresentaram LO superiores aos das monoculturas. TR de consórcios foram superiores às de monoculturas, independentemente da época em que foram estabelecidos. Os índices de lucratividade (IL) da monocultura de tomate foram muito próximos aos do consórcio e maiores do que os da monocultura de alface. Os consórcios e monoculturas da primeira época apresentaram maiores TR, IL e LO do que na segunda época. Os indicadores econômicos ratificaram a viabilidade produtiva (expressa pelo índice de uso eficiente da área) dos consórcios com transplante de alface e tomate simultaneamente, nas duas épocas; alface 10 e 20 DAT após tomate, na primeira época e; todos os consórcios com transplante de tomate após a alface. O melhor resultado econômico foi obtido no plantio de abril a setembro com transplantes das duas culturas na mesma data. Para essa condição, foram obtidos os maiores índices: LO médio de R$ 12.948,63 em 614,4 m²; TR médio de 6,7% e IL médio de 85%.
Lettuce and tomato are vegetables that can be grown in protected cultivation, under given conditions. Considering their expensive production systems, intercropping might be an excellent alternative to optimize costs. Four experiments were carried out at the São Paulo State University (UNESP), at Jaboticabal, Brazil, to study the economic viability of intercropping lettuce and tomato under protected cultivation. To set the intercropping, lettuce was transplanted 0, 10, 20, and 30 days after transplanting (DAT) tomato and vice-versa, in two seasons, namely April to September 2003 and January to June 2004, when monocultures of both vegetables were also carried out. At the first planting season, operational profits (OP) in intercropping (lettuce transplanted 0, 10, and 20 DAT tomato) were higher than in monocultures. At the first season, the return rates (RR) and OP were very much alike, whereas at the second season, RR in intercropping were lower than in monoculture. Transplanting tomato after lettuce, at both the first and second seasons, resulted in higher OP than those in monocultures. RR, OP and the profitability index (PI) were higher at the first than at the second season, independent of the growing system. RR in intercropping, independently of the intercropping schedule, were higher than in monoculture. In general, PI of tomato in monoculture and in intercropping were quite similar and both were higher than PI in the monoculture of lettuce. The economic indexes confirmed the agronomic viability (expressed by the index of area use efficiency) of transplanting lettuce and tomato simultaneously in both growing seasons; transplanting lettuce 10 and 20 DAT tomato, in the second season; and transplanting tomato after lettuce in all studied schedules. The economic indexes reached their peaks when tomato and lettuce were transplanted at the same day, in the first growing season (in average): OP of BRL$ 12,948.63 (US$ 4,273.48) in 614.4 m-2; RR of 6.7% and IP of 85%.
Lettuce and tomato are vegetables that can be grown in protected cultivation, under given conditions. Considering their expensive production systems, intercropping might be an excellent alternative to optimize costs. Four experiments were carried out at the São Paulo State University (UNESP), at Jaboticabal, Brazil, to study the economic viability of intercropping lettuce and tomato under protected cultivation. To set the intercropping, lettuce was transplanted 0, 10, 20, and 30 days after transplanting (DAT) tomato and vice-versa, in two seasons, namely April to September 2003 and January to June 2004, when monocultures of both vegetables were also carried out. At the first planting season, operational profits (OP) in intercropping (lettuce transplanted 0, 10, and 20 DAT tomato) were higher than in monocultures. At the first season, the return rates (RR) and OP were very much alike, whereas at the second season, RR in intercropping were lower than in monoculture. Transplanting tomato after lettuce, at both the first and second seasons, resulted in higher OP than those in monocultures. RR, OP and the profitability index (PI) were higher at the first than at the second season, independent of the growing system. RR in intercropping, independently of the intercropping schedule, were higher than in monoculture. In general, PI of tomato in monoculture and in intercropping were quite similar and both were higher than PI in the monoculture of lettuce. The economic indexes confirmed the agronomic viability (expressed by the index of area use efficiency) of transplanting lettuce and tomato simultaneously in both growing seasons; transplanting lettuce 10 and 20 DAT tomato, in the second season; and transplanting tomato after lettuce in all studied schedules. The economic indexes reached their peaks when tomato and lettuce were transplanted at the same day, in the first growing season (in average): OP of BRL$ 12,948.63 (US$ 4,273.48) in 614.4 m-2; RR of 6.7% and IP of 85%.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum, intercropping, Protected cultivation, Economic feasibility, profitability, Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum, Cultivo consorciado, ambiente protegido, Viabilidade econômica, Rentabilidade
Como citar
Horticultura Brasileira. Associação Brasileira de Horticultura, v. 28, n. 3, p. 326-336, 2010.