Traffic soil compaction of an oxisol related to soybean development and yield
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Data
2007-12-01
Autores
Beutler, Amauri Nelson [UNESP]
Centurion, José Frederico [UNESP]
Centurion, Maria Aparecida Pessoa da Cruz [UNESP]
Freddi, Onã da Silva [UNESP]
Sousa Neto, Eurico Lucas de [UNESP]
Leonel, Cristian Luarte [UNESP]
Silva, Álvaro Pires da
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Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ)
Resumo
O tráfego excessivo de máquinas sobre o solo pode prejudicar o desenvolvimento da cultura da soja. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento radicular e a produtividade da soja em função da compactação. O experimento foi realizado em Latossolo Vermelho de textura média. Os tratamentos de compactação foram: T0 = sem tráfego; T1* = 1 passada de trator de 4 t; e, T1, T2, T4 e T6, respectivamente, para 1, 2, 4 e 6 passadas de um trator de 11 t, no mesmo local, uma ao lado da outra. Após a compactação foi semeado o cultivar de soja (Glycine max) MG/BR 46 (Conquista).O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis níveis de compactação e quatro repetições (parcelas de 9,0 m²). Foram coletadas amostras indeformadas de solo nas camadas de 0,03-0,06; 0,08-0,11; 0,15-0,18 e 0,22-0,25 m, para determinação dos atributos físicos. As raízes foram avaliadas nas camadas de 0,0-0,10; 0,10-0,15 e 0,20-0,25 m. A compactação do solo diminuiu o desenvolvimento radicular em profundidade e não alterou a quantidade total de raízes, apenas sua distribuição. A produtividade de soja decresceu a partir da resistência do solo à penetração de 2,33 MPa e da densidade do solo de 1,51 Mg m-3.
Excessive traffic on the soil may affect soybean development. This research was carried out to evaluate soybean root development and grain yield under compacted soil, in an Oxisol. The following traffic treatments were used: T0 = no traffic; T1* = 1 passage of a 4 t tractor; and, T1, T2, T4 and T6, respectively for 1, 2, 4 and 6 passages of an 11 t tractor on the same location, each besides the other. After compaction, soybean [Glycine max cv. MG/BR 46 (Conquista)] was cultivated. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with six compaction levels and four replicates (plots of 9.0 m²). Undisturbed soil samples were collected in the layers 0.03-0.06, 0.08-0.11, 0.15-0.18 and 0.22-0.25 m, for physical analyses. Root analyses were performed at layers of 0.0-0.10, 0.10-0.15 and 0.20-0.25 m. Soil compaction decreased deep root development and did not affect root amount, but its distribution. Yield decreased at the penetration resistance of 2.33 MPa or higher, and soil bulk density of 1.51 Mg m-3 or higher.
Excessive traffic on the soil may affect soybean development. This research was carried out to evaluate soybean root development and grain yield under compacted soil, in an Oxisol. The following traffic treatments were used: T0 = no traffic; T1* = 1 passage of a 4 t tractor; and, T1, T2, T4 and T6, respectively for 1, 2, 4 and 6 passages of an 11 t tractor on the same location, each besides the other. After compaction, soybean [Glycine max cv. MG/BR 46 (Conquista)] was cultivated. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with six compaction levels and four replicates (plots of 9.0 m²). Undisturbed soil samples were collected in the layers 0.03-0.06, 0.08-0.11, 0.15-0.18 and 0.22-0.25 m, for physical analyses. Root analyses were performed at layers of 0.0-0.10, 0.10-0.15 and 0.20-0.25 m. Soil compaction decreased deep root development and did not affect root amount, but its distribution. Yield decreased at the penetration resistance of 2.33 MPa or higher, and soil bulk density of 1.51 Mg m-3 or higher.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Glycine max, machine traffic, Bulk density, Penetration resistance, Glycine max, tráfego de máquinas, Solos - Densidade, resistência à penetração
Como citar
Scientia Agricola. São Paulo - Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, v. 64, n. 6, p. 608-615, 2007.