Alterações físicas e químicas do solo em função do sistema de produção e da aplicação superficial de silicato e calcário
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Data
2009-02-17
Autores
Castro, Gustavo Spadotti Amaral [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No sistema plantio direto praticamente não há revolvimento do solo e o conseqüente acúmulo de resíduos vegetais e fertilizantes na superfície aceleram o processo de acidificação, contínuo e acentuado que ocorre naturalmente em solo de regiões úmidas, onde, geralmente, é observada baixa disponibilidade de nutrientes e elevados teores de H + Al. Assim, da mesma forma que no sistema de cultivo convencional, no sistema plantio direto também existe a necessidade de aplicação de insumos, especialmente, materiais corretivos de acidez. Dentro deste enfoque, o trabalho desenvolvido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UNESP, localizada no município de Botucatu (SP), com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de diferentes sistemas de produção em plantio direto e da aplicação superficial de corretivos nas características físicas, na movimentação de bases, na correção da acidez do solo, bem como na nutrição e produtividade das culturas produtoras de grãos em região de inverno seco. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas, com 8 repetições. As parcelas serão constituídas por quatro sistemas de produção (I. Sistema “Safra consorciada com Forrageira”– soja + Braquiária / milho + Braquiária; II. Sistema “Safra – safrinha” – soja / aveia-branca / milho / feijão da Seca; III. Sistema “Safra – Pousio” – soja / Pousio / milho / Pousio; IV. Sistema “Safra – Adubo Verde/Planta de Cobertura” – soja / milheto / milho / Guandú) e as subparcelas foram constituídas por duas fontes de corretivos e uma testemunha (I – Correção com calcário dolomítico; II – Correção com silicato de cálcio e magnésio – Agrosilício®; III – Sem correção). Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: produção de massa de matéria seca e teores de macronutrientes...
In no tillage system the absence of soil mobilization consequently decreases plant residues accumulation and places fertilizers on surface, affecting the acidification process. Like in conventional system, in no tillage it is also necessary input application, especially materials for acidity correction. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area, in the city of Botucatu (SP, Brazil). The objective was to evaluate the influence of no-till crop systems and superficial application of products for acidity correction on soil physical properties, base movement, acidity correction, nutrition and yield of grain crops in a dry winter region. The experimental design was the completely randomized block with subdivided plots and eight replications. The main plots consisted of: “Season - Forage”– Soybean + Brachiaria / Maize + Brachiaria; “Season – Off season”: Soybean / White oat / Maize / Field-grown bean; “Season – Fallow”: Soybean / Fallow / Maize / Fallow; “Season – Green manure”: Soybean / Millet / Maize / Pigeon pea. Subplots consisted of two correction sources (dolomitic limestone, calcium and magnesium silicate) and a control (no correction). The following evaluations were carried out: dry matter production and macronutrient level, silicon content and water-soluble cations; yield components and final yield for grain crops; routine soil testing for silicon (6, 12 and 18 months after acidity correction) and soil residual lime (18 months after acidity correction); and soil physical characteristics. Production costs were also calculated. Superficial application of products for acidity correction increased plant nutrition and yield. Among the systems, the “Season-Fallow” showed lower maize yield. Silicate application was more effective in correcting soil profile than liming. The “Season-Off season” system showed better economic response.
In no tillage system the absence of soil mobilization consequently decreases plant residues accumulation and places fertilizers on surface, affecting the acidification process. Like in conventional system, in no tillage it is also necessary input application, especially materials for acidity correction. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area, in the city of Botucatu (SP, Brazil). The objective was to evaluate the influence of no-till crop systems and superficial application of products for acidity correction on soil physical properties, base movement, acidity correction, nutrition and yield of grain crops in a dry winter region. The experimental design was the completely randomized block with subdivided plots and eight replications. The main plots consisted of: “Season - Forage”– Soybean + Brachiaria / Maize + Brachiaria; “Season – Off season”: Soybean / White oat / Maize / Field-grown bean; “Season – Fallow”: Soybean / Fallow / Maize / Fallow; “Season – Green manure”: Soybean / Millet / Maize / Pigeon pea. Subplots consisted of two correction sources (dolomitic limestone, calcium and magnesium silicate) and a control (no correction). The following evaluations were carried out: dry matter production and macronutrient level, silicon content and water-soluble cations; yield components and final yield for grain crops; routine soil testing for silicon (6, 12 and 18 months after acidity correction) and soil residual lime (18 months after acidity correction); and soil physical characteristics. Production costs were also calculated. Superficial application of products for acidity correction increased plant nutrition and yield. Among the systems, the “Season-Fallow” showed lower maize yield. Silicate application was more effective in correcting soil profile than liming. The “Season-Off season” system showed better economic response.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Solos - Correção, Rotação de cultivos, Silicio, Fisica do solo, Soil correction, Crop rotation, Silicon, Soil physics, Cost of production
Como citar
CASTRO, Gustavo Spadotti Amaral. Alterações físicas e químicas do solo em função do sistema de produção e da aplicação superficial de silicato e calcário. 2009. xiii, 135 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2009.