Avaliação dos efeitos citotóxicos, genotóxicos e mutagênicos do BTEX, antes e após o processo de biorremediação por microrganismos, utilizando os sistemas teste de Allium cepa e cultura de células de mamífero
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Data
2009-04-30
Autores
Mazzeo, Dânia Elisa Christofoletti [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Derivados de petróleo como benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xileno (BTEX) são hidrocarbonetos monoaromáticos muito utilizados como solventes e matéria-prima em diversos processos industriais, além de estarem presentes, em grandes quantidades, nos combustíveis fósseis. Pelo seu amplo uso e alta solubilidade em água, o BTEX vem caracterizando um poluente freqüente das águas, em especial, as subterrâneas. A aplicação do processo de biorremediação parece constituir uma metodologia promissora para o tratamento de águas contaminadas por essa mistura. Testes citogenéticos são adequados e eficientes para identificar e avaliar efeitos danosos de substâncias sobre os organismos, em suas diversas concentrações e tempos de exposição. Neste trabalho foi avaliado o efeito de cinco concentrações do BTEX, antes e após o processo de biodegradação por microrganismos selecionados de efluente bruto de refinaria de petróleo, sobre os sistemas testes de Allium cepa e cultura de células HTC. A comparação do total de aberrações cromossômicas e nucleares (alterações genotóxicas) realizada entre as concentrações de BTEX não biodegradadas e biodegradadas revelou uma diminuição significativa destas anormalidades para as concentrações BTEX 1, 2 e 4. As alterações mutagênicas, avaliadas pelo teste do micronúcleo (MN) em células meristemáticas, foram significativas para as concentrações BTEX 1, 2, 4 e 5 não biodegradadas. Ao se comparar as freqüências de MN entre a concentração preparada de BTEX com a sua respectiva concentração biodegradada, observouse uma redução significativa para as biodegradadas 1 e 4. Não houve indução significativa de MN para as células F1 para nenhuma das concentrações testadas. O BTEX não provocou nenhum efeito citotóxico significativo para este organismo. O teste do MN realizado com células HTC revelou que o BTEX foi mutagênico...
Oil products as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are monoaromatics hydrocarbons widely used as solvents and raw materials in several industrial processes, and are present in large quantities in fossil fuels. By its widespread use and high solubility in water, the BTEX is featuring a common pollutant of water, particularly groundwater. Implementation of the bioremediation seems to be a promising method for treatment of contaminated water with this mixture. Cytogenetic tests are appropriate and efficient to identify and assess the harmful effects of substances on the organisms in their several concentrations and time of exposure. This study evaluated the effect of five BTEX concentrations, before and after the biodegradation process by microorganisms selected from raw sewage from oil refinery using the test systems of Allium cepa and HTC cells. The comparison of total chromosomal and nuclear aberrations (genotoxic alterations) performed between BTEX concentrations bioremedied and not bioremedied showed a significant decrease of these abnormalities for BTEX concentrations 1, 2 and 4. Mutagenic alterations, evaluated by the micronucleus test (MN) in meristematic cells, were significant to the BTEX concentrations 1, 2, 4 and 5 not bioremedied. When comparing the frequencies of MN between the prepared concentration of BTEX with its concentration bioremedied, there was a significant reduction for the bioremedied 1 and 4. There was no significant induction of MN to cells F1 to any of the concentrations tested. The BTEX did not cause any significant cytotoxic effect to those organisms. The test performed with micronucleus of the HTC cells revealed that the BTEX was mutagenic, but only to the highest concentration, both before and after the biodegradation. Genotoxic damage as measured by the comet assay showed that BTEX was genotoxic for all concentrations not bioremedied, tested... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Oil products as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are monoaromatics hydrocarbons widely used as solvents and raw materials in several industrial processes, and are present in large quantities in fossil fuels. By its widespread use and high solubility in water, the BTEX is featuring a common pollutant of water, particularly groundwater. Implementation of the bioremediation seems to be a promising method for treatment of contaminated water with this mixture. Cytogenetic tests are appropriate and efficient to identify and assess the harmful effects of substances on the organisms in their several concentrations and time of exposure. This study evaluated the effect of five BTEX concentrations, before and after the biodegradation process by microorganisms selected from raw sewage from oil refinery using the test systems of Allium cepa and HTC cells. The comparison of total chromosomal and nuclear aberrations (genotoxic alterations) performed between BTEX concentrations bioremedied and not bioremedied showed a significant decrease of these abnormalities for BTEX concentrations 1, 2 and 4. Mutagenic alterations, evaluated by the micronucleus test (MN) in meristematic cells, were significant to the BTEX concentrations 1, 2, 4 and 5 not bioremedied. When comparing the frequencies of MN between the prepared concentration of BTEX with its concentration bioremedied, there was a significant reduction for the bioremedied 1 and 4. There was no significant induction of MN to cells F1 to any of the concentrations tested. The BTEX did not cause any significant cytotoxic effect to those organisms. The test performed with micronucleus of the HTC cells revealed that the BTEX was mutagenic, but only to the highest concentration, both before and after the biodegradation. Genotoxic damage as measured by the comet assay showed that BTEX was genotoxic for all concentrations not bioremedied, tested... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biodegradação, Mutagenese, Petroleo - Derivados, Microorganismos, Aberrações cromossômicas, Micronúcleo, Ensaio de cometa, Mutagênese ambiental, Biodegradation
Como citar
MAZZEO, Dânia Elisa Christofoletti. Avaliação dos efeitos citotóxicos, genotóxicos e mutagênicos do BTEX, antes e após o processo de biorremediação por microrganismos, utilizando os sistemas teste de Allium cepa e cultura de células de mamífero. 2009. 143 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2009.