Variação espaço-temporal na fenologia e frugivoria do palmito juçara Euterpe edulis Martius (Arecaceae) em três tipos de floresta atlântica
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2003-02-20
Autores
Castro, Everaldo Rodrigo de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente estudo compreende duas partes. A primeira, descreve o comportamento fenológico do palmito Euterpe edulis, e correlaciona com os fatores ambientais: temperatura e precipitação. A segunda, determina a comunidade de aves que utiliza os frutos do palmito e correlaciona a abundância das mesmas com o número de palmitos frutificando. O estudo foi desenvolvido em três formações florestais contíguas: Floresta de Restinga (nível do mar), Floresta Pluvial Tropical de Planície Litorânea (05-30 metros acima do nível do mar) e Floresta Pluvial Tropical de Encosta (200-250 m acima do nível do mar) no Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso, Cananéia, São Paulo. Para avaliação da fenologia de frutificação foram acompanhados 150 indivíduos adultos de palmito, 50 indivíduos para cada tipo florestal, durante agosto/2001 a agosto/2002. A floração do palmito na Ilha do Cardoso foi anual e sazonal, com duração de seis meses. Quanto aos três tipos florestais, houve variações quanto ao número de palmitos em floração, sincronia e pico de atividade. A produção de frutos maduros na Ilha do Cardoso iniciou-se no mês de fevereiro, com a maior porcentagem dos indivíduos manifestando a fenofase no mês de abril (44,49%). Quanto aos três tipos florestais, a floresta de restinga mostrou um pico de atividade discreto, apresentando apenas 16% dos indivíduos com frutos maduros no mês de março, a floresta de planície com 82% dos indivíduos no mês de abril e a floresta de encosta com 52% dos indivíduos no mês de maio. Sobre a frugivoria, foram registradas 18 espécies de aves que consumiram os frutos do palmiteiro através de 188 horas de árvore-focal e 136 horas de transectos lineares nos três tipos florestais. O registro das aves frugívoras iniciou-se nos meses em que os frutos verdes e maduros estavam disponíveis (abril-junho/01 e fevereiro-junho/02)...
The present study is divided in two parts. First, it describes the phenological behavior of the palm Euterpe edulis and correlates with environmental variables: temperature and rainfall. Second, it determines bird communities that feed on the palm's fruits and correlates its abundance with number of palms with fruits available. The study was developed in three continuous forest formations: Restinga forest (sea level), Lowland forest (05-30 m above sea level), highland forest (200-250 m above sea level) at Ilha do Cardoso State Park, Cananéia, SP. To evaluate the fruit production phenology, 150 palms were studied, 50 palms at each forest type, from August/01 to August/02. The palm-heart's flowering was annual and seasonal, during 6 months, with peaks occurring at months with higher temperatures and precipitation. In relation to the three forest types, variations occurred in the number of flowering individuals, synchrony and activity's peak. Fruit production started on February, with highest percentage of individuals at the fenofase occurring on April (44,49%). Restinga forest did have a discreet peak, with only 16% of its individuals with ripe fruits in March; in the lowlands with 82% individuals in April and in the highlands with 52% in May. Eighteen bird species were recorded feeding on palm fruits (188 hours of focal observations and 136 hours of linear-transect on the three forest types). The frugivore birds were recorded when ripe and unripe fruits were available (April-June/01 and February-June/02). In the Restinga Forest, the Muscicapidae family was responsible for 53% (n = 8) from all visits; in the lowland forest this family was responsible for 55,6% (n = 59) and in the highland forest for 51,3% (n = 38). The bird species that showed a positive significative correlation of abundance (IPA) with number of fruiting palms were: Turdus albicollis (rs=0,880; p=0,020)...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The present study is divided in two parts. First, it describes the phenological behavior of the palm Euterpe edulis and correlates with environmental variables: temperature and rainfall. Second, it determines bird communities that feed on the palm's fruits and correlates its abundance with number of palms with fruits available. The study was developed in three continuous forest formations: Restinga forest (sea level), Lowland forest (05-30 m above sea level), highland forest (200-250 m above sea level) at Ilha do Cardoso State Park, Cananéia, SP. To evaluate the fruit production phenology, 150 palms were studied, 50 palms at each forest type, from August/01 to August/02. The palm-heart's flowering was annual and seasonal, during 6 months, with peaks occurring at months with higher temperatures and precipitation. In relation to the three forest types, variations occurred in the number of flowering individuals, synchrony and activity's peak. Fruit production started on February, with highest percentage of individuals at the fenofase occurring on April (44,49%). Restinga forest did have a discreet peak, with only 16% of its individuals with ripe fruits in March; in the lowlands with 82% individuals in April and in the highlands with 52% in May. Eighteen bird species were recorded feeding on palm fruits (188 hours of focal observations and 136 hours of linear-transect on the three forest types). The frugivore birds were recorded when ripe and unripe fruits were available (April-June/01 and February-June/02). In the Restinga Forest, the Muscicapidae family was responsible for 53% (n = 8) from all visits; in the lowland forest this family was responsible for 55,6% (n = 59) and in the highland forest for 51,3% (n = 38). The bird species that showed a positive significative correlation of abundance (IPA) with number of fruiting palms were: Turdus albicollis (rs=0,880; p=0,020)...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ecologia vegetal, Sementes - Disseminação, Palmito, Fenologia, Mata Atlântica, Euterpe edulis, Floresta Atlântica, Frutificação, Frugivoria, Dispersão de sementes, Phenology, Fruiting season, Frugivory, Seed dispersal, Palm, Atlantic Forest
Como citar
CASTRO, Everaldo Rodrigo de. Variação espaço-temporal na fenologia e frugivoria do palmito juçara Euterpe edulis Martius (Arecaceae) em três tipos de floresta atlântica. 2003. vii, 109 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2003.