Avaliação da atividade oxidativa do Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans sobre uma mistura composta de diferentes proporções dos sulfetos minerais pirita e calcopirita
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Data
2011-08-24
Autores
Santos, Marcelo Sousa [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A diminuição gradativa, porem constante das reservas mundiais de metais no mundo, tem forçado o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias para extração e aproveitamento destes bens minerais. A redução de custos e as novas diretrizes ambientais são o maior impulso para a busca destas novas tecnologias.A biohidrometalurgia, mais especificamente, a biolixiviação dentro deste contexto assume uma importância significativa. Os custos de operação deste processo são muito inferiores aos processos convencionais, além de ser ambientalmente mais aceito, uma vez que não gera gases tóxicos. As próprias bactérias, presentes nestas ocorrências minerais, produzem os insumos necessários para a lixiviação, ácido e íons férricos. A principal bactéria envolvida neste processo e também a mais estudada é o Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Esta é a única bactéria descrita capaz de utilizar íons ferrosos e compostos reduzidos de enxofre como fonte energética. A calcopirita, mineral de cobre mais abundante na face da Terra, apresenta grande refratariedade ao ataque químico e bacteriano, e ainda não há nenhum processo industrial operando em escala comercial.Neste trabalho foram investigados o efeito da adição de diferentes quantidade de pirita, sulfeto de ferro (FeS2) no aumento da solubilização de cobre deste sulfeto. A metodologia foi estabelecida baseandose no mecanismo galvânico de dissolução dos minerais. Os estudos foram realizados através de ensaios respirométricos e de lixiviação em frascos agitados. A presença de bactéria e a adição de ionscloretos também foram avaliadas. Os ensaios respirométricos apresentaram curvas iniciais de consumo de oxigênio sem diferenças significativas para todas as condições analisadas. Os valores finais de consumo de oxigênio variaram. As condições que continham calcopirita/pirita nas...
The gradually depletion of world reserves, however, constant has forced the development of new technologies for extraction and exploitation of these minerals. Cost reduction and new environmental guidelines are the biggest impulse to the search for these new technologies. The biohydrometallurgy, specifically, the bioleaching in this context is of significant importance. The operating cost of this process is much lower than conventional process, in addition to being more environmentally friendly, since it does not generate toxic gases. The bacteria themselves, present in these mineral occurrences produce the inputs needed for leaching acid and ferric ions.The main bacterium involved on this process and also the most studied is the Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. This is the only bacterium described able to use ferrous ions and reduced sulfur compounds an energy source. The chalcopyrite, the most abundant copper mineral in the earth, is refractory to the chemical and bacterial attack, and there is no industrial process operating on a commercial scale yet.In this work were investigated the effect of adding different amounts of pyrite, ion sulfide (FeS2) to increase the solubility of copper sulfide. The methodology was established based on galvanic mechanism of dissolution of minerals. The studies were conducted through respirometric tests and bioleaching experiments in shake flasks. The presence of bacteria and the addition of chloride ions were also evaluated.The respirometric tests showed initial curves of oxygen consumption with no significant differences for all conditions examined. The final values of oxygen consumption diverse. The conditions contained chalcopyrite/pyrite in rations 1:3 and 1:1 had values greater than 400 μL of O2 consumed, while other conditions inoculated, these values... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The gradually depletion of world reserves, however, constant has forced the development of new technologies for extraction and exploitation of these minerals. Cost reduction and new environmental guidelines are the biggest impulse to the search for these new technologies. The biohydrometallurgy, specifically, the bioleaching in this context is of significant importance. The operating cost of this process is much lower than conventional process, in addition to being more environmentally friendly, since it does not generate toxic gases. The bacteria themselves, present in these mineral occurrences produce the inputs needed for leaching acid and ferric ions.The main bacterium involved on this process and also the most studied is the Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. This is the only bacterium described able to use ferrous ions and reduced sulfur compounds an energy source. The chalcopyrite, the most abundant copper mineral in the earth, is refractory to the chemical and bacterial attack, and there is no industrial process operating on a commercial scale yet.In this work were investigated the effect of adding different amounts of pyrite, ion sulfide (FeS2) to increase the solubility of copper sulfide. The methodology was established based on galvanic mechanism of dissolution of minerals. The studies were conducted through respirometric tests and bioleaching experiments in shake flasks. The presence of bacteria and the addition of chloride ions were also evaluated.The respirometric tests showed initial curves of oxygen consumption with no significant differences for all conditions examined. The final values of oxygen consumption diverse. The conditions contained chalcopyrite/pyrite in rations 1:3 and 1:1 had values greater than 400 μL of O2 consumed, while other conditions inoculated, these values... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
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Bioquímica analítica, Lixiviação bacteriana, Analytical biochemistry
Como citar
SANTOS, Marcelo Sousa. Avaliação da atividade oxidativa do Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans sobre uma mistura composta de diferentes proporções dos sulfetos minerais pirita e calcopirita. 2011. 66 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química, 2011.