Desempenho de máquinas para a semeadura e o arranquio mecanizado na cultura do amendoim em latossolo vermelho
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Data
2013-02-19
Autores
Zerbato, Cristiano [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A mecanização da cultura do amendoim vem se aprimorando ao longo dos anos, todavia havendo empecilhos que afetam a qualidade das operações. Dessa forma, objetivou-se no presente trabalho avaliar o desempenho operacional do conjunto mecanizado trator-semeadora-adubadora na qualidade da semeadura mecanizada de amendoim em função de densidades de semeadura (10, 14 e 18 sementes m-1) e tamanhos de sementes (21 e 23 mm), tanto quanto avaliar o desempenho operacional do conjunto trator-arrancador-invertedor e o possível efeito do teor de água do solo e da população de plantas sobre as perdas quantitativas no arranquio mecanizado de amendoim. Observou-se que o desempenho operacional do conjunto trator-semeadora-adubadora foi homogêneo. Para as sementes de 23 mm o número médio de dias para emergência foi menor e a porcentagem de germinação superior, ocorrendo o contrário para a densidade de semeadura de 18 sementes m-1. Quanto maior a densidade de semeadura maior foi o estande de plantas, sendo que a semente de 23 mm obteve os melhores resultados, em que a mesma, na densidade de semeadura de 14 sementes m-1, apresentou alta porcentagem de espaçamentos normais. Com relação á cobertura vegetal aos 60 DAS as sementes de 23 mm foi superior apenas na densidade de semeadura de 18 sementes m-1. As densidades de 14 e 18 sementes m-1 refletiram em maiores produtividades sendo sempre superior para as sementes de 23 mm. As maiores perdas visíveis e totais ocorreram para a população de 141.144 plantas ha-1 e para o teor de água do solo de 19,3%. Os teores de água do solo e as populações de plantas não influenciaram o desempenho do conjunto trator-arrancador-invertedor
Peanut crop mechanization has been improved over the years, however there are drawbacks that affect the quality of operations. Thus, this paper’s objectives were to evaluate the operational performance of the mechanized tractor-seeder-fertilizer set and parameters for evaluating the quality of mechanized seeding of peanut crop according to seeding densities and seed sizes, as well as evaluate the operational performance of the tractor-digger set and the possible effect of the water content of the soil and plant population over the quantitative losses on the mechanical peanut digging. It was observed that the operational performance of the tractor-seeder-fertilizer set was homogeneous. The 23 mm seed had the number of days to emergence shorter and a higher percentage of germination, occurring the opposite to the 18 seeds.m-1 seeding density. The higher the seeding density, the largest plant stand was, whereas the 23 mm seed obtained the best results, and the same with the 14 seeds.m-1 seeding density that had a higher percentage of normal spacing. Regarding the vegetation cover at 60 DAS, the seed 23 mm was greater than the other at the 18 seeds.m-1 seeding density. The densities of 14 and 18 seeds.m-1 reflected in higher yields, being always superior than the 23 mm seed. The largest visible losses and total losses occurred to the 141.144 plants.ha-1population and for soil water content of 19.3%. The water content of the soil and plant populations did not affect the performance of the peanut tractor-digger set
Peanut crop mechanization has been improved over the years, however there are drawbacks that affect the quality of operations. Thus, this paper’s objectives were to evaluate the operational performance of the mechanized tractor-seeder-fertilizer set and parameters for evaluating the quality of mechanized seeding of peanut crop according to seeding densities and seed sizes, as well as evaluate the operational performance of the tractor-digger set and the possible effect of the water content of the soil and plant population over the quantitative losses on the mechanical peanut digging. It was observed that the operational performance of the tractor-seeder-fertilizer set was homogeneous. The 23 mm seed had the number of days to emergence shorter and a higher percentage of germination, occurring the opposite to the 18 seeds.m-1 seeding density. The higher the seeding density, the largest plant stand was, whereas the 23 mm seed obtained the best results, and the same with the 14 seeds.m-1 seeding density that had a higher percentage of normal spacing. Regarding the vegetation cover at 60 DAS, the seed 23 mm was greater than the other at the 18 seeds.m-1 seeding density. The densities of 14 and 18 seeds.m-1 reflected in higher yields, being always superior than the 23 mm seed. The largest visible losses and total losses occurred to the 141.144 plants.ha-1population and for soil water content of 19.3%. The water content of the soil and plant populations did not affect the performance of the peanut tractor-digger set
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Amendoim - Cultivo, Amendoim - Semeadura, Sementes, Perdas durante a colheita, Máquinas agrícolas, Desempenho, Seeds
Como citar
ZERBATO, Cristiano. Desempenho de máquinas para a semeadura e o arranquio mecanizado na cultura do amendoim em latossolo vermelho. 2013. xiii, 71 p. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, 2013.