Frugivoria e germinação de sementes após passagem pelo sistema digestivo de masupiais em floresta estacional semidecidual
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Data
2010-04-09
Autores
Leiva, Maristela [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A dispersão de sementes é uma parte essencial da biologia reprodutiva das plantas, na qual a zoocoria é a principal forma de dispersão em florestas tropicais. Isto revela sua extrema importância para a regeneração e manutenção das florestas, sendo que os marsupiais podem agir como dispersores efetivos de plantas neotropicais através da ingestão de sementes. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as espécies de marsupiais ocorrentes e as espécies de plantas utilizadas como recurso em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, localizado nos arredores do município de Botucatu, SP. O presente estudo também objetivou estudar a viabilidade e o comportamento germinativo das sementes após a passagem pelo sistema digestivo destes animais. Os marsupiais foram capturados de agosto de 2008 a julho de 2009 com armadilhas do tipo alçapão e de interceptação e queda. Suas fezes foram coletadas diretamente das armadilhas, durante o manuseio do animal ou ainda após a manutenção em cativeiro por 24 horas. Depois as amostras fecais foram triadas em laboratório. Foram realizados testes de germinação de sementes com dois tratamentos: (1) sementes retiradas das fezes e (2) sementes retiradas dos frutos maduros. O teste de tetrazólio foi aplicado para verificar a viabilidade das sementes de Piper amalago que não germinaram. Foi caracterizada a fenologia reprodutiva de 14 espécies vegetais utilizadas pelos marsupiais, sendo que quatro estavam presentes nas fezes. O período de maior disponibilidade de frutos prevaleceu dentro da estação chuvosa. Foram encontradas 11 espécies vegetais presentes nas amostras fecais dos marsupiais, sendo parte de plantas pioneiras. O marsupial Didelphis albiventris foi a espécie mais abundante e os frutos mais consumidos por ele foram as piperáceas: Piper hispidinervum (36% das amostras), seguido de Piper aduncum (19%) e Piper amalago (17%)...
Seed dispersal is an essential stage on plant reproductive biology, and zoochory is the main process of dispersion in tropical rain forests. Therefore, seed dispersal is very important to forest conservation and regeneration, and the marsupials may act as seed dispersers of neotropical plants by ingesting seeds. The main goal of this study was to determine the marsupial species as well as their food plants occurring in a semi-deciduous seasonal forest fragment located near the city of Botucatu, SP. This study also investigated seed viability and germination after passage through the marsupial guts. The animals were collected from August to July 2008 by using live and pitfall traps. Their feces were collected from traps, during animal handling or when the animals were kept in captivity for 24 hours. In the laboratory, seeds were removed from feces. Germination tests were carried out following two treatments: (1) seeds from feces and (2) seeds removed from mature fruits. The tetrazolium test was applied on nongerminated seeds of Piper amalago to determine their viability. The reproductive phenology of 14 plant species used by marsupials was also recorded, from which four were observed in the marsupial’s feces. Most fruits were available to the marsupials during the rainy season. A total of 11 plant species were found in the feces samples, and some of them was consisted of pioneering plants. Didelphis albiventris was the predominant marsupial species, and fruits of Piper hispidinervum (36%), Piper aduncum (19%) and Piper amalago plants (17%) were preferably consumed. The germination tests were carried out considering those plant species with high abundances on feces: P. aduncum, P. amalago, P. hispidinervum and Psidium guajava. The passage of P. amalago, P. aduncum and P. guajava seeds through the D. albiventris gut did not change the germination percentage when comparing with... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Seed dispersal is an essential stage on plant reproductive biology, and zoochory is the main process of dispersion in tropical rain forests. Therefore, seed dispersal is very important to forest conservation and regeneration, and the marsupials may act as seed dispersers of neotropical plants by ingesting seeds. The main goal of this study was to determine the marsupial species as well as their food plants occurring in a semi-deciduous seasonal forest fragment located near the city of Botucatu, SP. This study also investigated seed viability and germination after passage through the marsupial guts. The animals were collected from August to July 2008 by using live and pitfall traps. Their feces were collected from traps, during animal handling or when the animals were kept in captivity for 24 hours. In the laboratory, seeds were removed from feces. Germination tests were carried out following two treatments: (1) seeds from feces and (2) seeds removed from mature fruits. The tetrazolium test was applied on nongerminated seeds of Piper amalago to determine their viability. The reproductive phenology of 14 plant species used by marsupials was also recorded, from which four were observed in the marsupial’s feces. Most fruits were available to the marsupials during the rainy season. A total of 11 plant species were found in the feces samples, and some of them was consisted of pioneering plants. Didelphis albiventris was the predominant marsupial species, and fruits of Piper hispidinervum (36%), Piper aduncum (19%) and Piper amalago plants (17%) were preferably consumed. The germination tests were carried out considering those plant species with high abundances on feces: P. aduncum, P. amalago, P. hispidinervum and Psidium guajava. The passage of P. amalago, P. aduncum and P. guajava seeds through the D. albiventris gut did not change the germination percentage when comparing with... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Floresta - Botucatu (SP), Ecologia vegetal, Plant phenology
Como citar
LEIVA, Maristela. Frugivoria e germinação de sementes após passagem pelo sistema digestivo de masupiais em floresta estacional semidecidual. 2010. 45 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, 2010.