Helmintofauna de anuros em fragmentos de mata atlântica no município de São Luiz do Paraitinga, SP
Arquivos
Data
2023-06-13
Autores
Bueno, Regiane Maria dos Reis
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Atualmente presenciamos uma época em que as mudanças ambientais vêm causando grande impacto na distribuição das espécies e na organização das comunidades ecológicas e a preservação se faz necessária para garantir a manutenção a composição das espécies no ambiente. Alinhado com os estudos de metazoários parasitos, que se mostraram mais eficazes para a identificação dessas mudanças e devido a sua grande ocorrência em anuros e da possibilidade de serem utilizados como bioindicadores ambientais, os trabalhos a respeito da helmintofauna receberam uma atenção maior. Anfíbios anuros, em todas as suas fases de desenvolvimento, atuam como hospedeiros de várias espécies de protozoários e metazoários e as relações parasito-hospedeiro também são diversas, podendo ser desde inofensivas e até mesmo benéficas para ambos, ou ruins, podendo até mesmo serem patogênicas. Diante disso os objetivos do trabalho foram de inventariar a fauna parasitária das espécies que foram encontradas, verificar se ocorre diferenças entre áreas fragmentadas e áreas de vegetação contínua e avaliar se existe relação entre essa helmintofauna e a presença de protozoários do trato gastrointestinal dos hospedeiros. Foram coletados um total de 71 anuros, sendo 56 da espécie Boana faber e 15 de Haddadus binotatus. Foram encontrados protozoários apenas na espécie B. Faber, sendo 8 em ambientes fragmentados e 5 em ambientes contínuos. A espécie Cosmocercidae gen. sp.1 foi a mais prevalente em ambas as espécies de anuros (B. faber: fragmento: 62,5%; contínuo: 40,63%; H. binotatus: 86,67%). Haematolechus sp. foi registrado pela primeira vez em B. faber. A Análise de Componentes Principais mostrou diferenciações entre os ambientes, as espécies e apontou correlações entre as espécies de helmintos encontrados e a presença ou ausência de protozoários do trato gastrointestinal, diferenças essas que foram comprovadas estatiscamente pela análise estatística MANOVA.
Currently, we are witnessing a time in which environmental changes are having a significant impact on species distribution and the organization of ecological communities, and preservation is necessary to ensure the maintenance of species composition in the environment. Aligned with studies of parasitic metazoans, which have proven to be more effective in identifying these changes and due to their high occurrence in anurans and their potential use as environmental bioindicators, research on helminth fauna has received greater attention. Anuran amphibians, in all stages of development, act as hosts to various species of protozoa and metazoan parasites, and the parasite-host relationships are diverse, ranging from harmless and even beneficial to both parties, to detrimental and potentially pathogenic. In light of this, the objectives of this study were to inventory the parasitic fauna of the encountered species, determine if there are differences between fragmented areas and areas of continuous vegetation, and assess the relationship between this helminth fauna and the presence of protozoa in the hosts' gastrointestinal tract. A total of 71 anurans were collected, comprising 56 individuals of the species Boana faber and 15 individuals of Haddadus binotatus. Protozoa were found only in the species B. Faber, with 8 in fragmented environments and 5 in continuous environments. The species Cosmocercidae gen. sp.1 was the most prevalent in both anuran species (B. faber: fragmented: 62.5%; continuous: 40.63%; H. binotatus: 86.67%). Haematolechus sp. was recorded for the first time in B. faber. Principal Component Analysis revealed differences between the environments and the species, and identified correlations between the helminth species found and the presence or absence of protozoa in the gastrointestinal tract. These differences were statistically supported by the MANOVA analysis.
Currently, we are witnessing a time in which environmental changes are having a significant impact on species distribution and the organization of ecological communities, and preservation is necessary to ensure the maintenance of species composition in the environment. Aligned with studies of parasitic metazoans, which have proven to be more effective in identifying these changes and due to their high occurrence in anurans and their potential use as environmental bioindicators, research on helminth fauna has received greater attention. Anuran amphibians, in all stages of development, act as hosts to various species of protozoa and metazoan parasites, and the parasite-host relationships are diverse, ranging from harmless and even beneficial to both parties, to detrimental and potentially pathogenic. In light of this, the objectives of this study were to inventory the parasitic fauna of the encountered species, determine if there are differences between fragmented areas and areas of continuous vegetation, and assess the relationship between this helminth fauna and the presence of protozoa in the hosts' gastrointestinal tract. A total of 71 anurans were collected, comprising 56 individuals of the species Boana faber and 15 individuals of Haddadus binotatus. Protozoa were found only in the species B. Faber, with 8 in fragmented environments and 5 in continuous environments. The species Cosmocercidae gen. sp.1 was the most prevalent in both anuran species (B. faber: fragmented: 62.5%; continuous: 40.63%; H. binotatus: 86.67%). Haematolechus sp. was recorded for the first time in B. faber. Principal Component Analysis revealed differences between the environments and the species, and identified correlations between the helminth species found and the presence or absence of protozoa in the gastrointestinal tract. These differences were statistically supported by the MANOVA analysis.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Anuros, Bioindicadores, Helmintofauna, Biodiversidade, Protozoários, Anurans, Bioindicators, Helminth fauna, Protozoa