As intervenções humanitárias na Etiópia/Eritreia e Ruanda a partir das perspectivas da Escola Inglesa e da Análise do Sistema-Mundo
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Data
2022-09-22
Autores
Scudellari, Theo Peixoto
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho traz em seu âmago o estudo das intervenções humanitárias de uma forma a enfatizar não apenas os sujeitos envolvidos, mas as conjunturas, as operações e os interesses atinentes ao fenômeno. A análise sobre as intervenções humanitárias vem acompanhada de referenciais teóricos que, dentro dos padrões de pesquisa e exploração de cada vertente, elucidam tópicos essenciais sobre essa temática e balizam muitos dos elementos a serem abordados. Deste modo, além da discussão conceitual e empírica sobre as intervenções humanitárias propriamente ditas, há se observar e explorar vertentes teóricas que ponderam sobre o tema e quais aspectos conceituais são postos em primazia em cada uma delas, destacando-se a Escola Inglesa das Relações e a abordagem da Análise do Sistema-Mundo. Com esse arcabouço teórico - voltado para uma compreensão ampla do funcionamento e da dinâmica do sistema internacional - somado aos elementos conceituais e empíricos supracitados, busca-se observá-los a partir dos casos de Ruanda e Etiópia/Eritreia, enfatizando os conceitos principais dos referenciais em cada um deles e buscando notar as lacunas e contribuições que cada um deles pode fornecer a partir dos casos concretos. Assim, a pesquisa é guiada através das perguntas: Quais as principais contribuições e lacunas que a Escola Inglesa e a Análise do Sistema Mundo apresentam acerca das intervenções humanitárias após o Fim da Guerra Fria, nos anos 1990?; 2) O que os casos de Ruanda e Etiópia oferecem como base para tais investigações sobre as intervenções humanitárias?. Neste sentido, complementa-se a condução da pesquisa através da hipótese de que a Análise do Sistema-Mundo fornece um arcabouço analítico mais completo, possibilitando uma investigação crítica sobre a atuação da intervenção enquanto resolução para a causa da crise, hipótese qual se mostra concretizada após as análises desenvolvidas nos casos de Etiópia/Eritreia e Ruanda.
The present work brings at its core the study of humanitarian interventions in a way to emphasize not only the subjects involved, but the conjunctures, operations and interests related to the phenomenon. The analysis of humanitarian interventions is accompanied by theoretical references that, within the standards of research and exploration of each aspect, elucidate essential topics on this theme and guide many of the elements to be addressed. In this way, in addition to the conceptual and empirical discussion on humanitarian interventions themselves, it is necessary to observe and explore theoretical aspects that ponder on the subject and which conceptual aspects are put in primacy in each of them, highlighting the English School of Relations and the World-System Analysis approach. With this theoretical framework - aimed at a broad understanding of the functioning and dynamics of the international system - added to the aforementioned conceptual and empirical elements, we seek to observe them from the cases of Rwanda and Ethiopia/Eritrea, emphasizing the main concepts of the references in each one of them and trying to notice the gaps and contributions that each one of them can provide from the concrete cases. Thus, the research is guided through the questions: 1) What are the main contributions and gaps that the English School and the World-System Analysis present about humanitarian interventions after the end of the Cold War, in the 1990s?; 2) What do the cases of Rwanda and Ethiopia provide as a basis for such investigations into humanitarian interventions? In this sense, the conduction of the research is complemented by the hypothesis that the World-System Analysis provides a more complete analytical framework, enabling a critical investigation of the intervention's performance as a solution to the cause of the crisis, a hypothesis which is shown to be fulfilled after the investigations carried out in the cases of Ethiopia/Eritrea and Rwanda.
The present work brings at its core the study of humanitarian interventions in a way to emphasize not only the subjects involved, but the conjunctures, operations and interests related to the phenomenon. The analysis of humanitarian interventions is accompanied by theoretical references that, within the standards of research and exploration of each aspect, elucidate essential topics on this theme and guide many of the elements to be addressed. In this way, in addition to the conceptual and empirical discussion on humanitarian interventions themselves, it is necessary to observe and explore theoretical aspects that ponder on the subject and which conceptual aspects are put in primacy in each of them, highlighting the English School of Relations and the World-System Analysis approach. With this theoretical framework - aimed at a broad understanding of the functioning and dynamics of the international system - added to the aforementioned conceptual and empirical elements, we seek to observe them from the cases of Rwanda and Ethiopia/Eritrea, emphasizing the main concepts of the references in each one of them and trying to notice the gaps and contributions that each one of them can provide from the concrete cases. Thus, the research is guided through the questions: 1) What are the main contributions and gaps that the English School and the World-System Analysis present about humanitarian interventions after the end of the Cold War, in the 1990s?; 2) What do the cases of Rwanda and Ethiopia provide as a basis for such investigations into humanitarian interventions? In this sense, the conduction of the research is complemented by the hypothesis that the World-System Analysis provides a more complete analytical framework, enabling a critical investigation of the intervention's performance as a solution to the cause of the crisis, a hypothesis which is shown to be fulfilled after the investigations carried out in the cases of Ethiopia/Eritrea and Rwanda.
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Palavras-chave
Relações internacionais, Política internacional, Intervenções humanitárias, Escola Inglesa, Economia política do Sistema-Mundo, Etiópia/Eritreia, Ruanda, Humanitarian interventions, English School, World-System political-economy, Rwanda
Como citar
SCUDELLARI, Theo Peixoto. As intervenções humanitárias na Etiópia/Eritreia e Ruanda a partir das perspectivas da Escola Inglesa e da Análise do Sistema-Mundo. Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2022.