Relação entre fatores de produção e produtividade: um diagnóstico da cultura do amendoim na região Oeste Paulista
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Data
2023-06-27
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Tendo o cultivo de grãos como um importante segmento da sua atividade agrícola, o Brasil apresenta expressiva produção de arroz, soja, feijão, milho e algodão; entretanto o amendoim tem também se destacado como uma relevante cultura de grãos no território nacional. Cada vez mais explorada, a cultura do amendoim proporciona o fortalecimento das propriedades do solo devido à fixação de nitrogênio realizada através de suas raízes, representando uma alternativa a ser considerada na rotatividade de culturas, como a cana-de-açúcar. Das regiões brasileiras produtoras de amendoim, destaca-se a Sudeste, particularmente o estado de São Paulo, e em especial a região Oeste Paulista, responsável por mais de 90% da produção nacional, com o município de Tupã sendo um dos que mais produziram amendoim no ano de 2022. A importância socioeconômica do amendoim, principalmente para as regiões produtoras do estado de São Paulo, em particular a região do Oeste Paulista, reside no fato de ser uma região tradicional de produção do amendoim, com relevante participação na produção do estado de São Paulo, sendo que a Oeste Paulista já foi a principal produtora de óleo de amendoim do mundo. Diante da necessidade de mais estudos e dados sistematizados que possam trazer conhecimento sobre os fatores que compõem os ambientes de produção do amendoim na referida região e da necessidade de se obter um suporte técnico-científico, necessários para que se compreenda de maneira clara os fatores responsáveis pela produtividade no cultivo do amendoim na região Oeste Paulista, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar dentre os fatores que compõem os ambientes de produção do amendoim, quais são os responsáveis pela produtividade da cultura nessa região. A metodologia utilizada consiste em uma abordagem quantitativa de natureza aplicada, sendo que quanto aos objetivos, caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa descritiva e, quanto aos procedimentos, utilizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica e uma pesquisa de campo. Assim, determinou-se a elaboração de um formulário, cujos dados foram submetidos a uma análise estatística através do software Minitab. Como resultados, o diagnóstico da cultura do amendoim na região Oeste Paulista, por meio da análise do modelo de regressão, identificou nove variáveis como sendo significativas, sendo elas, Idade do produtor, Região Administrativa, Rotação de cultura com milho, Rotação de cultura com sorgo, Cultura anterior, Plantio em setembro, Plantio em outubro, Quantidade de aplicações de agrotóxicos e Planta daninha ‘picão’. Estas variáveis atuaram de forma positiva ou negativa na variação da produtividade de amendoim, de acordo com as especificidades de cada uma. Com isso, considera-se que o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi alcançado.
With the cultivation of grains as an important segment of its agricultural activity, Brazil has a significant production of rice, soybeans, beans, corn and cotton; however, peanuts have also stood out as a relevant grain crop in the national territory. Increasingly exploited, the peanut crop provides the strengthening of soil properties due to the nitrogen fixation carried out through its roots, representing an alternative to be considered in the rotation of crops, such as sugarcane. Of the Brazilian peanut producing regions, the Southeast stands out, particularly the state of São Paulo, and in particular the Oeste Paulista region, responsible for more than 90% of national production, with the municipality of Tupã being one of those that produced the most peanuts in the year 2022. The socioeconomic importance of peanuts, mainly for the producing regions of the state of São Paulo, in particular the West Paulista region, lies in the fact that it is a traditional peanut production region, with a relevant participation in the production of the state of São Paulo, being that Oeste Paulista was once the main producer of peanut oil in the world. Faced with the need for more studies and systematized data that can bring knowledge about the factors that make up the peanut production environments in that region and the need to obtain technical-scientific support, necessary for a clear understanding of the factors responsible for productivity in peanut cultivation in the Oeste Paulista region, the present work aims to identify, among the factors that make up the peanut production environments, which ones are responsible for the productivity of the crop in this region. The methodology used consists of a quantitative approach of an applied nature, considering that in terms of objectives, it is characterized as a descriptive research and, in terms of procedures, a bibliographical research and field research were used. Thus, it was decided to create a form, whose data were submitted to a statistical analysis using the Minitab software. As a result, the diagnosis of the peanut crop in the West Paulista region, through the analysis of the regression model, identified nine variables as being significant, namely, Age of the producer, Administrative Region, Crop rotation with corn, Crop rotation with sorghum, Previous crop, Planting in September, Planting in October, Number of pesticide applications and Weed 'picão'. These variables acted positively or negatively on the variation in peanut yield, according to the specificities of each one. With this, it is considered that the objective of the present research was achieved.
With the cultivation of grains as an important segment of its agricultural activity, Brazil has a significant production of rice, soybeans, beans, corn and cotton; however, peanuts have also stood out as a relevant grain crop in the national territory. Increasingly exploited, the peanut crop provides the strengthening of soil properties due to the nitrogen fixation carried out through its roots, representing an alternative to be considered in the rotation of crops, such as sugarcane. Of the Brazilian peanut producing regions, the Southeast stands out, particularly the state of São Paulo, and in particular the Oeste Paulista region, responsible for more than 90% of national production, with the municipality of Tupã being one of those that produced the most peanuts in the year 2022. The socioeconomic importance of peanuts, mainly for the producing regions of the state of São Paulo, in particular the West Paulista region, lies in the fact that it is a traditional peanut production region, with a relevant participation in the production of the state of São Paulo, being that Oeste Paulista was once the main producer of peanut oil in the world. Faced with the need for more studies and systematized data that can bring knowledge about the factors that make up the peanut production environments in that region and the need to obtain technical-scientific support, necessary for a clear understanding of the factors responsible for productivity in peanut cultivation in the Oeste Paulista region, the present work aims to identify, among the factors that make up the peanut production environments, which ones are responsible for the productivity of the crop in this region. The methodology used consists of a quantitative approach of an applied nature, considering that in terms of objectives, it is characterized as a descriptive research and, in terms of procedures, a bibliographical research and field research were used. Thus, it was decided to create a form, whose data were submitted to a statistical analysis using the Minitab software. As a result, the diagnosis of the peanut crop in the West Paulista region, through the analysis of the regression model, identified nine variables as being significant, namely, Age of the producer, Administrative Region, Crop rotation with corn, Crop rotation with sorghum, Previous crop, Planting in September, Planting in October, Number of pesticide applications and Weed 'picão'. These variables acted positively or negatively on the variation in peanut yield, according to the specificities of each one. With this, it is considered that the objective of the present research was achieved.
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Palavras-chave
Amendoim, Produtividade agrícola, Agricultura Custos