Agricultura urbana e periurbana em Regente Feijó/SP: análise de suas particularidades e comparação com o caso de Centre Wellington/ON - Canadá
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Data
2022-12-02
Autores
Negri, Bruna Trevisan
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A agricultura urbana e periurbana (AUP) é uma prática antiga que vem se popularizando em diversos países do mundo por seus reconhecidos benefícios, que abrangem as esferas social, ambiental e econômica. Esta prática consiste, de forma geral, no cultivo de alimentos e criação de animais na cidade e em seu entorno, e pode ser realizada com múltiplas finalidades, como o autoconsumo e a comercialização dos alimentos, por exemplo. A pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender a AUP praticada no município de Regente Feijó/SP, com o intuito de contribuir para a disseminação e ampliação do conhecimento sobre a produção de alimentos em espaços urbanos e periurbanos e com a elaboração e implementação de políticas públicas que apoiem e estimulem esta modalidade de agricultura. O estudo foi conduzido, primeiramente, por meio da realização de pesquisa bibliográfica para entendimento do conceito e das características da AUP e de sua inserção no contexto histórico brasileiro. Foram realizadas pesquisas em sites oficiais e outras fontes como dissertações, teses e artigos científicos a respeito das leis e políticas públicas existentes no Brasil que abrangem a AUP e seus trabalhadores. Também foram feitas entrevistas com agricultores urbanos e periurbanos de Regente Feijó e com representantes de instituições públicas municipais. Além disto, foi realizado um estágio de pesquisa no Canadá com o objetivo de caracterizar a AUP no município de Centre Wellington, na província de Ontário, utilizando os mesmos procedimentos da pesquisa feita no Brasil. Apesar de terem sido identificadas significativas diferenças entre a AUP realizada em Regente Feijó e em Centre Wellington, como, por exemplo a finalidade da produção, que é principalmente para autoconsumo no município brasileiro e para comercialização no município canadense, os resultados evidenciam que a produção de alimentos em áreas urbanas e periurbanas exerce um importante papel em ambos os municípios pesquisados, tanto na melhoria da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) local, quanto no abastecimento alimentar. Os principais problemas encontrados nos dois casos estudados, no entanto, estão relacionados à falta de apoio governamental adequado para o desenvolvimento das iniciativas de AUP existentes. As necessidades dos trabalhadores da AUP para o desenvolvimento dos cultivos se traduzem em dificuldades como, por exemplo, a falta de espaço e a falta de dinheiro, obstáculos que poderiam ser amenizados com a criação e implementação de políticas em níveis municipal, estadual e federal – e aprimoramento das políticas já existentes - visando incluir este tipo de agricultura no planejamento urbano dos municípios e disponibilizando crédito aos agricultores.
Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) is an ancient practice that has become popular in several countries around the world due to its recognized benefits, which cover the social, environmental and economic spheres. UPA generally consists of growing food and raising animals in and around cities, and can be carried out for multiple purposes, such as self-consumption and food marketing. The research aimed to understand how UPA is characterized in Regente Feijó/SP, in order to contribute to the dissemination and expansion of knowledge about food production in urban and peri-urban spaces and with the elaboration and implementation of public policies that support and encourage this type of agriculture. The study was conducted, firstly, through bibliographic research to understand the concept and characteristics of UPA and its insertion in the Brazilian historical context. Research was carried out on official websites and other sources such as theses and scientific articles about Brazil's laws and public policies that cover UPA and its farmers. Interviews were also carried out with urban and peri-urban farmers in Regente Feijó and with representatives of municipal public institutions. In addition, a research internship was carried out in Canada with the objective of characterizing UPA in the municipality of Centre Wellington, in the province of Ontario, using the same procedures as the research in Brazil. Although significant differences were identified in the UPA carried out in Regente Feijó and in Centre Wellington, such as, for example, the purpose of production, which is mainly for selfconsumption in the Brazilian municipality and for marketing in the Canadian municipality, the results show that food production in urban and peri-urban areas plays an important role in both landscapes surveyed, both in improving local food security and in the local food supply. The main problems that were found, however, are related to the lack of adequate government support for the development of existing UPA initiatives. The needs of UPA farmers for the development of their productions translate into difficulties such as lack of space and lack of money, obstacles that could be alleviated with the creation and implementation of policies at municipal, state and federal levels – and improvement of existing policies – aiming to include this type of agriculture in the urban planning of municipalities and providing credit to farmers.
Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) is an ancient practice that has become popular in several countries around the world due to its recognized benefits, which cover the social, environmental and economic spheres. UPA generally consists of growing food and raising animals in and around cities, and can be carried out for multiple purposes, such as self-consumption and food marketing. The research aimed to understand how UPA is characterized in Regente Feijó/SP, in order to contribute to the dissemination and expansion of knowledge about food production in urban and peri-urban spaces and with the elaboration and implementation of public policies that support and encourage this type of agriculture. The study was conducted, firstly, through bibliographic research to understand the concept and characteristics of UPA and its insertion in the Brazilian historical context. Research was carried out on official websites and other sources such as theses and scientific articles about Brazil's laws and public policies that cover UPA and its farmers. Interviews were also carried out with urban and peri-urban farmers in Regente Feijó and with representatives of municipal public institutions. In addition, a research internship was carried out in Canada with the objective of characterizing UPA in the municipality of Centre Wellington, in the province of Ontario, using the same procedures as the research in Brazil. Although significant differences were identified in the UPA carried out in Regente Feijó and in Centre Wellington, such as, for example, the purpose of production, which is mainly for selfconsumption in the Brazilian municipality and for marketing in the Canadian municipality, the results show that food production in urban and peri-urban areas plays an important role in both landscapes surveyed, both in improving local food security and in the local food supply. The main problems that were found, however, are related to the lack of adequate government support for the development of existing UPA initiatives. The needs of UPA farmers for the development of their productions translate into difficulties such as lack of space and lack of money, obstacles that could be alleviated with the creation and implementation of policies at municipal, state and federal levels – and improvement of existing policies – aiming to include this type of agriculture in the urban planning of municipalities and providing credit to farmers.
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Palavras-chave
Agricultura urbana e periurbana, Segurança alimentar e nutricional, Políticas públicas, Urban and peri-urban agriculture, Food security, Public policies