Estudo do comportamento físico e mecânico de painéis aglomerados fabricados com partículas de Tectona grandis e Corymbia citriodora.
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Data
2020-07-13
Autores
Celestino, Valter Roberto de Brito
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A diretriz deste trabalho foi a confecção de painéis aglomerados em laboratório, utilizando partículas de madeira Corymbia citriodora e da madeira Tectona grandis, popularmente conhecida como teca, variando a granulometria dos cavacos e utilizando a resina poliuretana à base de óleo de mamona AG101, sob processo de prensagem a 110 º C e 190 bar de pressão. A densidade alvo foi estabelecida em 750 kg/m³, definindo-o como painel de média densidade, onde foram fabricados 5 traços com adições diferentes de material, com o painel T1 com 100% de partículas de Corymbia, T2 com 75% Corymbia e 25% teca, T3 contendo 50% Corymbia e 50% teca, o painel T4 contendo 25% Corymbia e 75% teca e o quinto painel contém100% de partículas de teca. Para avaliação das qualidades dos painéis construídos, foram realizados ensaios físicos e mecânicos destrutivos e não destrutivos estabelecidos pelas normas NBR 14810-2 (2013), NBR 14810-2 (2002) e ANSI A 208.1 (1993), ensaios não destrutivos de densitometria de raios-X e análise tridimensional dos painéis pelo ensaio de Microtomografia de raio X. A resina PU utilizada na proporção de 10% do peso total do material seco contribuiu com o aumento da resistência mecânica e resistência quanto absorção de água, inchamento e estabilidade nos teores de umidade e respondeu muito bem aos ensaios mecânicos com aplicação de carga, como atestado pela literatura voltada a adesivos indissolúveis. Todos os painéis contendo adição de Tectona grandis em sua composição obtiveram resultados dentro dos requisitos, enquanto o painel T1 e 100% Corymbia não apresentou valores que suprissem a maioria das exigências da NBR 14810-2 (2013). Os ensaios de densitometria mostraram uma excelente conformidade e homogeneidade quanto a densidade estrutural dos painéis, e a avaliação estrutural por microtomografia proporcionou uma análise mais precisa da estrutura tridimensional e o mapeamento de espaços em vazio e detalhes como falhas de preenchimento e falhas de adesão do adesivo no interior dos painéis de partículas aglomeradas.
The guideline of this work was the manufacture of particle board in the laboratory, using particles of Corymbia citriodora wood and Tectona grandis, popularly known as teak, varying the granulometry of chips and using the polyurethane resin based on castor oil AG101, under the process of pressing at 110 º C and pressure of 190 bar. The design density for medium density panels was established at 750 kg/m³, where 5 traces with different additions of material were manufactured, with the panel T1 with 100% Corymbia particles, T2 with 75% Corymbia and 25% teak, T3 containing 50% Corymbia and 50% teak, the panel T4 containing 25% Corymbia and 75% teak and the fifth panel contains 100% teak particles. For evaluation of the qualities of the panels built, were carried out physical and mechanical destructive and non-destructive tests established by standards NBR 14810-2 (2013), NBR 14810-2 (2002) and ANSI A 208.1 (1993), and non-destructive tests by X-ray densitometry and three-dimensional analysis of the panels by X-ray Microtomography test. The PU resin used in the proportion of 10% of the total weight of the dry material contributed with the increase of the mechanical resistance and resistance as for water absorption, swelling and stability in the moisture contents and responded very well to the mechanical load tests, as described in the literature. All the panels containing the addition of Tectona grandis in its composition obtained results within the normative requirements, while the T1 panel with 100% Corymbia citriodora did not present values that met the requirements of NBR 14810-2 (2013). The densitometry tests showed excellent compliance and homogeneity in the density and structural strength of the panels, and the evaluation by microtomography provided a more accurate analysis of the three-dimensional structure and the mapping of empty spaces and details such as filling failures and adhesion of the adhesive inside the panels.
The guideline of this work was the manufacture of particle board in the laboratory, using particles of Corymbia citriodora wood and Tectona grandis, popularly known as teak, varying the granulometry of chips and using the polyurethane resin based on castor oil AG101, under the process of pressing at 110 º C and pressure of 190 bar. The design density for medium density panels was established at 750 kg/m³, where 5 traces with different additions of material were manufactured, with the panel T1 with 100% Corymbia particles, T2 with 75% Corymbia and 25% teak, T3 containing 50% Corymbia and 50% teak, the panel T4 containing 25% Corymbia and 75% teak and the fifth panel contains 100% teak particles. For evaluation of the qualities of the panels built, were carried out physical and mechanical destructive and non-destructive tests established by standards NBR 14810-2 (2013), NBR 14810-2 (2002) and ANSI A 208.1 (1993), and non-destructive tests by X-ray densitometry and three-dimensional analysis of the panels by X-ray Microtomography test. The PU resin used in the proportion of 10% of the total weight of the dry material contributed with the increase of the mechanical resistance and resistance as for water absorption, swelling and stability in the moisture contents and responded very well to the mechanical load tests, as described in the literature. All the panels containing the addition of Tectona grandis in its composition obtained results within the normative requirements, while the T1 panel with 100% Corymbia citriodora did not present values that met the requirements of NBR 14810-2 (2013). The densitometry tests showed excellent compliance and homogeneity in the density and structural strength of the panels, and the evaluation by microtomography provided a more accurate analysis of the three-dimensional structure and the mapping of empty spaces and details such as filling failures and adhesion of the adhesive inside the panels.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Painéis de partículas, Tectona grandis, Corymbia citriodora, Resina Poliuretana, Microtomografia, Densitometria de raios X, Particle panels, Polyurethane resin, Microtomography, X-ray densitometry