Desenvolvimento do milho em função da declividade do solo e exposição à radiação solar
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Data
2023-01-05
Autores
Aguiar, Aislan O.
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Entre os diversos fatores que alteram o desenvolvimento das culturas no campo, para o milho, pode-se destacar a disposição das plantas na lavoura e a quantidade de radiação a que está submetida. Com este estudo, o objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da variação da declividade do terreno e exposição à radiação solar no desenvolvimento e produtividade da cultura do milho. O experimento foi conduzido na safra 2021/2022 no município de Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil, na FCAV/UNESP, em estrutura de superfícies que simulam diferentes condições de exposições e declividades. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 6x4 com três repetições, sendo seis declividades (0,10,20,30,40 e 50%) e quatro exposições (Norte, Sul, Leste e Oeste). Foram avaliados componentes fitotécnicos da cultura: altura de planta, altura de inserção da espiga, diâmetro de colmos, matéria seca de planta e produtividade de grãos. Houve interação significativa entre declividade e exposição para os parâmetros altura de plantas, altura de inserção da espiga, diâmetro do colmo e matéria seca da parte aérea. Para a produtividade do milho, não houve interação entre declividade e exposição. Porém, analisando este parâmetro dentro das declividades estudadas, observou-se maiores valores nas de 0 e 30%, se diferindo estatisticamente das declividades de 40 e 50%, que apresentaram as menores produtividades. Referente a exposição à radiação solar, houve diferença significativa de produtividade na exposição Sul, sendo o maior entre os tratamentos.
Among the various factors that affect the development of crops in the field, for maize, the arrangement of plants in the crop and the amount of radiation to which it is subjected can be highlighted. With this study, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the interaction between terrain slopes and exposure to solar radiation on the development and productivity of corn under each of the surface conditions. The experiment was carried out in the 2021/2022 harvest in the municipality of Jaboticabal, SP, Bra zil, at FCAV/UNESP, in a surface structure that simulates different conditions of exposure and slopes. The design used was completely randomized, in a 6x4 factorial scheme with three replications, with six slopes (0,10,20,30,40 and 50%) and four exposures (North, South, East and West). Phytotechnical components of the crop were evaluated: plant height, ear insertion height, stem diameter, plant dry matter and grain yield. There was a significant interaction between slope and exposure for plant height, corn cob insertion height, stem diameter and shoot dry matter. F or the maize yield, there was no interaction between slope and exposure. However, analyzing this parameter within the slopes studied, higher values were observed in those of 0 and 30%, differing statistically from the slopes of 40 and 50%, which presented lower yield. Regarding exposure to solar radiation, there was a significant difference in yield values in southern exposure, being the highest between the treatments.
Among the various factors that affect the development of crops in the field, for maize, the arrangement of plants in the crop and the amount of radiation to which it is subjected can be highlighted. With this study, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the interaction between terrain slopes and exposure to solar radiation on the development and productivity of corn under each of the surface conditions. The experiment was carried out in the 2021/2022 harvest in the municipality of Jaboticabal, SP, Bra zil, at FCAV/UNESP, in a surface structure that simulates different conditions of exposure and slopes. The design used was completely randomized, in a 6x4 factorial scheme with three replications, with six slopes (0,10,20,30,40 and 50%) and four exposures (North, South, East and West). Phytotechnical components of the crop were evaluated: plant height, ear insertion height, stem diameter, plant dry matter and grain yield. There was a significant interaction between slope and exposure for plant height, corn cob insertion height, stem diameter and shoot dry matter. F or the maize yield, there was no interaction between slope and exposure. However, analyzing this parameter within the slopes studied, higher values were observed in those of 0 and 30%, differing statistically from the slopes of 40 and 50%, which presented lower yield. Regarding exposure to solar radiation, there was a significant difference in yield values in southern exposure, being the highest between the treatments.
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Palavras-chave
Cultivo em superfícies, Radiação solar, Desenvolvimento vegetativo, Produtividade, Milho