Efeitos do treinamento na avaliação ultrassonográfica de tendões e ligamentos dos membros torácicos de equinos
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2021-08-11
Autores
Lera, Katiucha Rebeca Jennifer Lopes
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Equinos utilizados em atividades laborais e atléticas de elevado desempenho têm estimulado extensa pesquisa no campo da Fisiologia do Exercício e da Medicina Esportiva Equina na busca de melhor entendimento das respostas e adaptações fisiológicas que ocorrem nestes animais. Diante disto, objetivou-se o estudo das alterações fisiopatológicas de estruturas tendíneas e ligamentares de equinos submetidos a treinamento guiado pela concentração de lactato sanguínea determinada em teste de esforço progressivo (TEP). Esse projeto foi aprovado pela Comissão de Ética no Uso de Animais (CEUA), protocolo n° 05499/19. Foram avaliados 10 equinos da raça Puro Sangue Árabe, provenientes do rebanho da FCAV/UNESP, câmpus de Jaboticabal. Os animais passaram inicialmente por período de adaptação a esteira rolante do Laboratório de Medicina Esportiva Equina, onde, após a climatização, realizou um TEP, precedido de indução de hiperlactatemia, para determinação de suas condições físicas. Durante o TEP foram colhidas amostras de sangue para determinação hemogasométrica de lactato. A velocidade correspondente à concentração mínima de lactato (VLM) determinada durante o TEP foi utilizada como base para a realização do treinamento de seis semanas em esteira rolante. Ao final do treinamento, foi realizado outro TEP, com as mesmas características do anterior, visando avaliar o efeito do treinamento sobre o condicionamento físico. Antes do primeiro e após o segundo TEP foram realizados exames ultrassonográficos dos tendões flexores e ligamentos dos membros torácicos, para identificação de possíveis lesões. Para avaliação das imagens ultrassonográficas foi utilizado o programa Imagen Proplus®, em análise quantitativa das estruturas e da área de secção transversa (AST), realizado circunferências manualmente sobre as estruturas no corte transversal. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste de variância (ANOVA) pelo software SisvarⓇ versão 5.3. Os resultados do corte longitudinal, relacionados à densidade óptica, apresentaram diferenças estatísticas entre membros e na comparação com membros e tratamentos no ramo do ligamento suspensor (RLS). Quanto à heterogenicidade houve diferença estatística no tendão flexor digital profundo (TFDP), ligamento acessório do tendão flexor digital profundo (LATFDP), RLS e ligamento suspensor (LS). Em relação ao corte transversal, houve diferenças estatísticas na densidade óptica dos TFDP, LATFDP, LS e RLS. Entretanto, houve diferença de heterogenicidade no TFDP e RLS, na área do TFDP e na divisão do LS. Pode-se observar resposta adaptativa ao treinamento com a diminuição da ecogenicidade e da heterogenicidade, porém houve aumento da AST do TFDP. Considerando que aumentos da AST também são observados quando ocorrem lesões de caráter assintomático, se faz necessário estudo adicional que empregue análises histológicas para diferenciação entre resposta adaptativa e lesão.
Horses used in high performance work and athletic activities have stimulated extensive research in the field of Exercise Physiology and Equine Sports Medicine in the search for a better understanding of the physiological responses and adaptations that occur in equines. In view of this, the objective was to study the physiological changes in tendon and ligament structures of horses submitted to training guided by the blood lactate concentration determined in a standardized exercise test (SET). This project was approved by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals (CEUA), protocol No. 05499/19. Ten purebred Arabian horses were evaluated, from the herd of FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal campus. The horses were initially subjected to adaptation to a treadmill at the Laboratory of the Equine Sports Medicine, where, after the climatization, they underwent a SET, preceded by the induction of hyperlactatemia, to determine their physical conditions. During the SET, blood samples were taken for hemogasometric determination of lactate. The speed corresponding to the lactate minimum concentration (LMS) determined during SET, was used as the basis for the six-week training on a treadmill. At the end of the training, another SET was performed with the same characteristics as the previous one in order to evaluate the effect of the training on the physical conditioning. Before the first and after the second SET, ultrasound examinations of the flexor tendons and ligaments of the thoracic limbs were performed to identify possible injuries. For the evaluation of ultrasound images, the program Imagen Proplus® was used, in a quantitative analysis of the structures and cross-sectional areas (CSA), manually performed circumferences on the structures in the cross section. The data were analysed using the variance test (ANOVA) with the Sisvar version 5.3 software. The results of the longitudinal cut related to the optical density showed a statistical difference between limbs and in the comparison with limbs and treatments in the branch of the suspensory ligament (RLS), in heterogeneity there was a statistical difference in the deep digital flexor tendon (PDTF), accessory ligament of the digital flexor tendon (LATFDP), RLS and suspensory ligament (LS). Regarding the CSA, there was a statistical difference in the optical density of TFDP, LATFDP, LS and RLS. However, there was a difference in heterogenecity in the TFDP and RLS and in the TFDP CSA and in the LS division. We can observe that there was adaptation to exercise, with a decrease in echogenicity, heterogeneity. However, with the increase in the CSA of the TFDP, additional study is needed that employs histological analyzes to differentiate between adaptive response and injury.
Horses used in high performance work and athletic activities have stimulated extensive research in the field of Exercise Physiology and Equine Sports Medicine in the search for a better understanding of the physiological responses and adaptations that occur in equines. In view of this, the objective was to study the physiological changes in tendon and ligament structures of horses submitted to training guided by the blood lactate concentration determined in a standardized exercise test (SET). This project was approved by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals (CEUA), protocol No. 05499/19. Ten purebred Arabian horses were evaluated, from the herd of FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal campus. The horses were initially subjected to adaptation to a treadmill at the Laboratory of the Equine Sports Medicine, where, after the climatization, they underwent a SET, preceded by the induction of hyperlactatemia, to determine their physical conditions. During the SET, blood samples were taken for hemogasometric determination of lactate. The speed corresponding to the lactate minimum concentration (LMS) determined during SET, was used as the basis for the six-week training on a treadmill. At the end of the training, another SET was performed with the same characteristics as the previous one in order to evaluate the effect of the training on the physical conditioning. Before the first and after the second SET, ultrasound examinations of the flexor tendons and ligaments of the thoracic limbs were performed to identify possible injuries. For the evaluation of ultrasound images, the program Imagen Proplus® was used, in a quantitative analysis of the structures and cross-sectional areas (CSA), manually performed circumferences on the structures in the cross section. The data were analysed using the variance test (ANOVA) with the Sisvar version 5.3 software. The results of the longitudinal cut related to the optical density showed a statistical difference between limbs and in the comparison with limbs and treatments in the branch of the suspensory ligament (RLS), in heterogeneity there was a statistical difference in the deep digital flexor tendon (PDTF), accessory ligament of the digital flexor tendon (LATFDP), RLS and suspensory ligament (LS). Regarding the CSA, there was a statistical difference in the optical density of TFDP, LATFDP, LS and RLS. However, there was a difference in heterogenecity in the TFDP and RLS and in the TFDP CSA and in the LS division. We can observe that there was adaptation to exercise, with a decrease in echogenicity, heterogeneity. However, with the increase in the CSA of the TFDP, additional study is needed that employs histological analyzes to differentiate between adaptive response and injury.
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Palavras-chave
Desmites, Exercício, Tendinites, Exercise, Tendonitis, Lesões, Ligamentos (Anatomia)