Tratamento de superfície de implantes osseointegráveis pelo método biomimético com diferentes compostos à base de cálcio: estudo experimental histomorfométrico, topográfico e biomecânico
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Data
2023-04-11
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a interface osso/implante após tratamento de superfície de implantes pelo método biomimético com diferentes compostos à base de cálcio através de análises histológica, histométrica, biomecânica e topográfica. Para tanto, 20 ratos machos adultos foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo Fosfato de Cálcio CaP Biomimético (FCB) para a tíbia direita e grupo Hidróxido de Cálcio Ca(OH)2 Biomimético (HCB) destinado a tíbia esquerda. Vinte implantes tiveram suas superfícies tratadas à base de CaP e vinte implantes tratados com Ca(OH)2. A eutanásia foi realizada aos 40 dias. Os resultados mostraram que houve diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos (p<0,05) na análise biomecânica. Os resultados histomorfométricos apresentaram maior atividade celular no grupo FCB em relação ao grupo HCB. Os dados sobre a área óssea neoformada (AON) demonstraram uma maior formação óssea no grupo FCB em relação ao grupo HCB, entretanto sem diferença estatística significativa (p>0,05). A análise topográfica demonstrou que as superfícies dos implantes de ambos os grupos foram tornadas ásperas e com rugosidades semelhantes, sendo a superfície com maior rugosidade a dos implantes do grupo HCB. O tratamento das superfícies dos implantes com hidróxido de cálcio mostrou-se mais eficaz na resposta de estabilidade do implante, sendo superior ao fosfato de cálcio. Ambos os grupos apresentaram resultados satisfatórios na neoformação óssea e contato osso-implante. Relevância Clínica: modificações topográficas e físico-químicas da superfície dos implantes têm sido propostas para aumentar a porcentagem de contato osso-implante, melhorar a resposta biológica e favorecer o sucesso a longo prazo.
The present study aimed to evaluate the bone/implant interface after surface treatment of implants using the biomimetic method with different calcium-based compounds through histological, histometric, biomechanical and topographic analyses. For this purpose, twenty adult male rats were divided into two groups: Biomimetic CaP Calcium Phosphate (FCB) group for the right tibia and Biomimetic Ca(OH)2 Calcium Hydroxide (HCB) group for the left tibia. Twenty implants had their surfaces treated with CaP and twenty implants treated with Ca(OH)2. Euthanasia was performed within 40 days. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p<0.05) in the biomechanical analysis. The histomorphometric results showed greater cellular activity in the FCB group compared to the HCB group. Data on newly formed bone area (AON) showed greater bone formation in the FCB group compared to the HCB group, however without statistically significant difference (p>0.05). The topographic analysis showed that the surfaces of the implants in both groups were roughened and with similar roughness, with the surface with greater roughness being that of the implants in the HCB group. The treatment of implant surfaces with calcium hydroxide proved to be more effective in terms of implant stability, being superior to calcium phosphate. Both groups showed satisfactory results in new bone formation and bone-implant contact. Clinical Relevance: Topographic and physicochemical surface modifications of implants have been proposed to increase the percentage of bone-implant contact, improve biological response, and favor long-term success.
The present study aimed to evaluate the bone/implant interface after surface treatment of implants using the biomimetic method with different calcium-based compounds through histological, histometric, biomechanical and topographic analyses. For this purpose, twenty adult male rats were divided into two groups: Biomimetic CaP Calcium Phosphate (FCB) group for the right tibia and Biomimetic Ca(OH)2 Calcium Hydroxide (HCB) group for the left tibia. Twenty implants had their surfaces treated with CaP and twenty implants treated with Ca(OH)2. Euthanasia was performed within 40 days. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p<0.05) in the biomechanical analysis. The histomorphometric results showed greater cellular activity in the FCB group compared to the HCB group. Data on newly formed bone area (AON) showed greater bone formation in the FCB group compared to the HCB group, however without statistically significant difference (p>0.05). The topographic analysis showed that the surfaces of the implants in both groups were roughened and with similar roughness, with the surface with greater roughness being that of the implants in the HCB group. The treatment of implant surfaces with calcium hydroxide proved to be more effective in terms of implant stability, being superior to calcium phosphate. Both groups showed satisfactory results in new bone formation and bone-implant contact. Clinical Relevance: Topographic and physicochemical surface modifications of implants have been proposed to increase the percentage of bone-implant contact, improve biological response, and favor long-term success.
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Palavras-chave
Boca Cirurgia, Implantes dentários, Biomimética, Biomimetics