Contrasting convective regimes over the Amazon: Implications for cloud electrification

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dc.contributor.authorWilliams, E.
dc.contributor.authorRosenfeld, D.
dc.contributor.authorMadden, N.
dc.contributor.authorGerlach, J.
dc.contributor.authorGears, N.
dc.contributor.authorAtkinson, L.
dc.contributor.authorDunnemann, N.
dc.contributor.authorFrostrom, G.
dc.contributor.authorAntonio, M.
dc.contributor.authorBiazon, B.
dc.contributor.authorCamargo, R.
dc.contributor.authorFranca, H.
dc.contributor.authorGomes, A.
dc.contributor.authorLima, M.
dc.contributor.authorMachado, R.
dc.contributor.authorManhaes, S.
dc.contributor.authorNachtigall, L.
dc.contributor.authorPiva, H.
dc.contributor.authorQuintiliano, W.
dc.contributor.authorMachado, L.
dc.contributor.authorArtaxo, P.
dc.contributor.authorRoberts, G.
dc.contributor.authorRenno, N.
dc.contributor.authorBlakeslee, R.
dc.contributor.authorBailey, J.
dc.contributor.authorBoccippio, D.
dc.contributor.authorBetts, A.
dc.contributor.authorWolff, D.
dc.contributor.authorRoy, B.
dc.contributor.authorHalverson, J.
dc.contributor.authorRickenbach, T.
dc.contributor.authorFuentes, J.
dc.contributor.authorAvelino, E.
dc.contributor.institutionMassachusetts Institute of Technology
dc.contributor.institutionHebrew University
dc.contributor.institutionNASA Wallops Island Flight Facility
dc.contributor.institutionIPMET
dc.contributor.institutionCentro Tecnico Aeroespacial
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade de São Paulo (USP)
dc.contributor.institutionMax Planck Institute for Chemistry
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of Arizona
dc.contributor.institutionNASA Marshall Space Flight Center
dc.contributor.institutionAtmospheric Research
dc.contributor.institutionNASA Goddard Space Flight Center
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of Virginia
dc.contributor.institutionEmbratel
dc.contributor.institutionInstituto de Pesquisas Meterologicas
dc.contributor.institutionInstituto de Fisica
dc.contributor.institutionAtmospherica Research
dc.contributor.institutionNASA/MSFC
dc.contributor.institutionDivisao de Ciencias Atmosfericas
dc.contributor.institutionScripps Institue of Oceanography
dc.contributor.institutionParsons Laboratory
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-29T08:44:55Z
dc.date.available2022-04-29T08:44:55Z
dc.date.issued2002-01-01
dc.description.abstractFour distinct meteorological regimes in the Amazon basin have been examined to distinguish the contributions from boundary layer aerosol and convective available potential energy (CAPE) to continental cloud structure and electrification. The lack of distinction in the electrical parameters (peak flash rate, lightning yield per unit rainfall) between aerosol-rich October and aerosol-poor November in the premonsoon regime casts doubt on a primary role for the aerosol in enhancing cloud electrification. Evidence for a substantial role for the aerosol in suppressing warm rain coalescence is identified in the most highly polluted period in early October. The electrical activity in this stage is qualitatively peculiar. During the easterly and westerly wind regimes of the wet season, the lightning yield per unit of rainfall is positively correlated with the aerosol concentration, but the electrical parameters are also correlated with CAPE, with a similar degree of scatter. Here cause and effect are difficult to establish with available observations. This ambiguity extends to the ‘‘green ocean’’ westerly regime, a distinctly maritime regime over a major continent with minimum aerosol concentration, minimum CAPE, and little if any lightning.en
dc.description.affiliationMassachusetts Institute of Technology
dc.description.affiliationHebrew University
dc.description.affiliationNASA Wallops Island Flight Facility
dc.description.affiliationUniversity of the State of Sao Paulo IPMET
dc.description.affiliationCentro Tecnico Aeroespacial
dc.description.affiliationUniversity of Sao Paulo
dc.description.affiliationMax Planck Institute for Chemistry
dc.description.affiliationAtmospheric Sciences University of Arizona
dc.description.affiliationNASA Marshall Space Flight Center
dc.description.affiliationAtmospheric Research
dc.description.affiliationLaboratory for Atmospheres NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
dc.description.affiliationUniversity of Virginia
dc.description.affiliationEmbratel
dc.description.affiliationInstituto de Pesquisas Meterologicas, Avenida Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube S/No
dc.description.affiliationUniversidade Sao Paulo Instituto de Fisica, CAIXA Posatal 66-318
dc.description.affiliationAtmospherica Research, 58 Hendee Lane
dc.description.affiliationNSSTC NASA/MSFC, 320 Sparkman Dr
dc.description.affiliationWallops Island Flight Facility NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
dc.description.affiliationCentro Tecnico Aerospacial Divisao de Ciencias Atmosfericas
dc.description.affiliationScripps Institue of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Dr. 0239, La Jolla
dc.description.affiliationParsons Laboratory, MIT 48-211
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Aeronautics and Space Administration
dc.description.sponsorshipIdNational Aeronautics and Space Administration: NAG5-4778
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000380
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, v. 107, n. D20, 2002.
dc.identifier.doi10.1029/2001JD000380
dc.identifier.issn2169-8996
dc.identifier.issn2169-897X
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-84925662475
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/231351
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
dc.sourceScopus
dc.subjectAerosol
dc.subjectConvention
dc.subjectLightning
dc.subjectPrecipitation
dc.subjectRadar
dc.subjectRegimes
dc.titleContrasting convective regimes over the Amazon: Implications for cloud electrificationen
dc.typeArtigo

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