Marcadores de resistência a antimicrobianos em sistemas produtivos de bovinos
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2022-02-18
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Nos sistemas produtivos de bovinos, as fezes e o solo representam dois componentes importantes no compartilhamento de bactérias resistentes a antimicrobianos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de avaliar a presença de marcadores de resistência a antimicrobianos em bactérias isoladas de amostras de solo e de fezes de bovinos. Foram avaliadas amostras de cinco propriedades rurais com diferentes manejos produtivos e com diferentes perfis na utilização de antibióticos: duas de produção leiteira, duas de criação de gado de corte e um confinamento. Amostras de fezes (n=276) e de solo (n=142) foram cultivadas em meios seletivos para a detecção de microrganismos pertencentes à ordem Enterobacterales e gênero Staphyloccocus sp e posteriormente analisada a concentração inibitória mínima para classe de beta-lactâmicos, quinolona, tetraciclina e macrolídeos. As amostras foram submetidas à extração de DNA para detecção dos principais grupos de marcadores de resistência a antimicrobianos relacionados às seguintes classes: aminoglicosídeos, beta-lactâmicos, estreptograminas, macrolídeos, tetraciclinas, sulfonamidas e vancomicina. Nas 50 amostras de fezes selecionadas para serem analisadas pela reação da cadeia da polimerase quanto a presença de marcadores de resistência aos principais antimicrobianos utilizados na medicina veterinária e humana, foram detectados os marcadores para beta-lactâmicos (ampC e blaSHV, blaTEM) e macrolídeos (ermB e ermC) em todos os sistemas produtivos, com exceção para blactx-m que foi detectado em 3 amostras (6%) no sistema de criação de corte e ermA em 1 amostra (2%) no sistema de criação de gado de leite. Nas 11 amostras composta de solo, somente foram detectadas na criação de gado de leite em 3 amostras (27%) com marcador de resistência para tetM (tetraciclina) e 2 amostras (18%) com marcador de resistência para sul2 (sulfonamida), respectivamente. Na análise fenotípica, foram isoladas nas amostras fecais e do solo bactérias da ordem Enterobacterales, com concentração inibitória mínima alta para amoxicilina, amoxicilina – ácido clavulânico e azitromicina (CIM > 8 mg/L), assim como para Imipenem e Tetraciclina (CIM > 0,5) com exceção ao ciprofloxacino, com crescimento em diluições ≤ 0,125 mg/L. A presença de bactérias resistentes aos beta-lactâmicos e macrolídeos nas fezes e no solo em sistemas produtivos de bovinos evidencia a sua importância como reservatórios de microrganismos resistentes e um potencial perigo no contexto da saúde única.
In cattle production systems, faeces and soil represent two important components in the sharing of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of antimicrobial resistance markers in bacteria isolated from soil and bovine feces samples. Samples from five rural properties with different productive managements and with different profiles in the use of antibiotics were evaluated: two of dairy production, two of beef cattle and one confinement. Feces (n=276) and soil (n=142) samples were grown in selective media for the detection of microorganisms belonging to the order Enterobacterales and genus Staphylococcus sp. and subsequently analyzed the minimum inhibitory concentration for the class of beta-lactams, quinolone, tetracycline and macrolides. The samples were submitted to DNA extraction to detect the main groups of antimicrobial resistance markers related to the following classes: aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, streptogramins, macrolides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides and vancomycin. In the 50 stool samples selected to be analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction for the presence of resistance markers to the main antimicrobials used in veterinary and human medicine, markers for beta-lactams (ampC e blaSHV, blaTEM) and macrolides (ermB e ermC) in all production systems, with the exception of blactx-m which was detected in 3 samples (6%) in the beef system and ermA in 1 sample (2%) in the dairy system. In the 11 samples composed of soil, only 3 samples (27%) with a marker of resistance to tetM (tetracycline) and 2 samples (18%) with a marker of resistance to sul2 (sulfonamide) were detected in dairy farming, respectively. In the phenotypic analysis, bacteria of the order Enterobacterales were isolated from the fecal and soil samples, with a high minimum inhibitory concentration for amoxicillin, amoxicillin – clavulanic acid and azithromycin (MIC > 8 mg/L), as well as for Imipenem and Tetracycline (MIC > 0 ,5) with the exception of ciprofloxacin, with growth at dilutions ≤ 0.125 mg/L. The presence of bacteria resistant to beta-lactams and macrolides in feces and soil in cattle production systems highlights their importance as reservoirs of resistant microorganisms and a potential danger in the context of unique health.
In cattle production systems, faeces and soil represent two important components in the sharing of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of antimicrobial resistance markers in bacteria isolated from soil and bovine feces samples. Samples from five rural properties with different productive managements and with different profiles in the use of antibiotics were evaluated: two of dairy production, two of beef cattle and one confinement. Feces (n=276) and soil (n=142) samples were grown in selective media for the detection of microorganisms belonging to the order Enterobacterales and genus Staphylococcus sp. and subsequently analyzed the minimum inhibitory concentration for the class of beta-lactams, quinolone, tetracycline and macrolides. The samples were submitted to DNA extraction to detect the main groups of antimicrobial resistance markers related to the following classes: aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, streptogramins, macrolides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides and vancomycin. In the 50 stool samples selected to be analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction for the presence of resistance markers to the main antimicrobials used in veterinary and human medicine, markers for beta-lactams (ampC e blaSHV, blaTEM) and macrolides (ermB e ermC) in all production systems, with the exception of blactx-m which was detected in 3 samples (6%) in the beef system and ermA in 1 sample (2%) in the dairy system. In the 11 samples composed of soil, only 3 samples (27%) with a marker of resistance to tetM (tetracycline) and 2 samples (18%) with a marker of resistance to sul2 (sulfonamide) were detected in dairy farming, respectively. In the phenotypic analysis, bacteria of the order Enterobacterales were isolated from the fecal and soil samples, with a high minimum inhibitory concentration for amoxicillin, amoxicillin – clavulanic acid and azithromycin (MIC > 8 mg/L), as well as for Imipenem and Tetracycline (MIC > 0 ,5) with the exception of ciprofloxacin, with growth at dilutions ≤ 0.125 mg/L. The presence of bacteria resistant to beta-lactams and macrolides in feces and soil in cattle production systems highlights their importance as reservoirs of resistant microorganisms and a potential danger in the context of unique health.
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Palavras-chave
Antibacterianos, Bovinos, Fezes, Solo, Anti-bacterial agents, Bovine, Stool, Soil