Calibração e teste do modelo AquaCrop para o amendoinzeiro sob lâminas de irrigação plena e deficitária
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Data
2022-06-30
Autores
Nunes, Lucas Ramon Teixeira
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Modelos de simulação são ferramentas poderosas para avaliar o efeito de manejos de irrigação sobre o desenvolvimento das culturas, permitindo a definição de estratégias eficientes do uso da água na agricultura. Este estudo objetivou calibrar e testar o modelo AquaCrop para simular a fenologia, fração de cobertura do dossel (CC), biomassa da parte aérea ao longo do ciclo (B), biomassa final (BF), produtividade de vagens (PV), índice de colheita (IC) e armazenamento de água no solo (Aa) do amendoinzeiro sob irrigação plena (L1) e dois níveis de irrigações deficitárias (L3 e L5). O banco de dados empregados para a calibração e teste do modelo provém de experimentos conduzidos em quatro ciclos de cultivo de amendoinzeiro (Arachis hypogaea L.), realizados na época da segunda safra da cultura para a região, nos anos de 2018, 2019 e 2020, no município de Jaboticabal. No ano de 2018, foram realizados dois ciclos, semeados nos meses de fevereiro (2018 Fev) e março (2018 Mar). Foram empregadas as cultivares de amendoinzeiro IAC 505 (ciclos de 2018) e IAC 503 (ciclos 2019 e 2020). Os dados do tratamento L1 (todos os ciclos) e os dados das lâminas deficitárias do ciclo 2019 foram utilizados para a calibração do modelo, com os demais dados empregados para o teste do modelo. De forma geral, o modelo AquaCrop possibilitou simulações precisas da fenologia, como o tempo para a maturidade fisiológica, bem como para os componentes CC, B e B final, entretanto, o modelo apresentou menor desempenho em simular o tempo para floração, PV e IC mediante condições de alta deficiência hídrica e baixas temperaturas (ocorridas no ciclo 2020). A alta incidência de mancha-preta (Cercosporidium personatum) no ciclo 2018 Fev resultou em menor precisão nas simulações da fração de cobertura do dossel, uma vez que o quaCrop não foi projetado para simular o efeito do ataque de pragas e doenças. O modelo apresentou menor acurácia nas simulações de Aa. O modelo AquaCrop apresentou bom potencial em simular o desenvolvimento e produtividade do amendoinzeiro, especialmente para condições de suprimento hídrico adequado. Novas pesquisas deverão ser realizadas a fim de avaliar o modelo para diferentes cultivares/variedades de amendoinzeiro, bem como para outras épocas, regiões e condições de manejo representativas do sistema de produção nacional da cultura do amendoim.
Crop system modeling is a powerful tool for evaluating the effect of irrigation management on crop development, enabling defining of efficient strategies for water use in agriculture. This study aims to evaluate and test the capacity of the AquaCrop in simulating the phenology, canopy cover fraction (CC), above-ground biomass throughout the plant cycle (B), final biomass (BF), pod productivity (PV), harvest index (IC) and soil water storage (Aa) of the peanut plants under fully irrigated (L1) and two levels of deficit irrigation management (L3 and L5). The database applied for the calibration and model test was provided by previous experiments conducted on four peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) growth cycles, carried out at the time of the second crop of the crop for the region, in the years 2018, 2019, and 2020, in the Jaboticabal city. In 2018, two cycles were carried out, sown in the months of February (2018 Feb) and March (2018 Mar). Peanut cultivars IAC 505 (2018 cycles) and IAC 503 (2019 and 2020 cycles) were used. The data from the L1 treatment (all cycles) and the data from the deficit slides from the 2019 cycle were used for model calibration, with the other data used for model testing. In general, the AquaCrop model allowed accurate simulations of phenology, such as time to physiological maturity, as well as for components CC, B, and BF, however, the model presented a lower performance in simulating time to flowering, PV, and IC under conditions of high-water deficit and low temperatures (that occurred on the 2020 cycle). The high incidence of black spots (Cercosporidium personatum) in the 2018 Feb cycle resulted in less accuracy in the canopy cover fraction simulations since AquaCrop was not designed to simulate the effect of pest and disease attacks. The model showed lower accuracy in the Aa simulations. The AquaCrop model showed good potential in simulating the development and productivity of peanuts, especially under conditions of adequate water supply. Further research should be carried out in order to evaluate the model for different peanut cultivars/varieties, as well as for other periods, regions, and management conditions that are representative of the national peanut production system.
Crop system modeling is a powerful tool for evaluating the effect of irrigation management on crop development, enabling defining of efficient strategies for water use in agriculture. This study aims to evaluate and test the capacity of the AquaCrop in simulating the phenology, canopy cover fraction (CC), above-ground biomass throughout the plant cycle (B), final biomass (BF), pod productivity (PV), harvest index (IC) and soil water storage (Aa) of the peanut plants under fully irrigated (L1) and two levels of deficit irrigation management (L3 and L5). The database applied for the calibration and model test was provided by previous experiments conducted on four peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) growth cycles, carried out at the time of the second crop of the crop for the region, in the years 2018, 2019, and 2020, in the Jaboticabal city. In 2018, two cycles were carried out, sown in the months of February (2018 Feb) and March (2018 Mar). Peanut cultivars IAC 505 (2018 cycles) and IAC 503 (2019 and 2020 cycles) were used. The data from the L1 treatment (all cycles) and the data from the deficit slides from the 2019 cycle were used for model calibration, with the other data used for model testing. In general, the AquaCrop model allowed accurate simulations of phenology, such as time to physiological maturity, as well as for components CC, B, and BF, however, the model presented a lower performance in simulating time to flowering, PV, and IC under conditions of high-water deficit and low temperatures (that occurred on the 2020 cycle). The high incidence of black spots (Cercosporidium personatum) in the 2018 Feb cycle resulted in less accuracy in the canopy cover fraction simulations since AquaCrop was not designed to simulate the effect of pest and disease attacks. The model showed lower accuracy in the Aa simulations. The AquaCrop model showed good potential in simulating the development and productivity of peanuts, especially under conditions of adequate water supply. Further research should be carried out in order to evaluate the model for different peanut cultivars/varieties, as well as for other periods, regions, and management conditions that are representative of the national peanut production system.
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Palavras-chave
IAC 505, IAC 503, Canopeo app., Irrigação, Cultivos agrícolas, Irrigation, Amendoim