Helmintos parasitas de javalis (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758) selvagens na região norte do Estado de São Paulo.
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2020-07-17
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Javalis são uma das principais espécies invasoras do planeta, causando impactos à biodiversidade nativa, danos ao ambiente, lavoura e pecuária e são um conhecido reservatório de doenças infecciosas e parasitárias importantes. Considerando-se o desconhecimento do status parasitológico de javalis selvagens no Brasil, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e analisar as helmintoses de javalis (Sus scrofa) de vida livre da região norte do Estado de São Paulo, e avaliar possível interferência sobre a suinocultura local. Para tal, foram necropsiados 35 javalis de vida livre e 18 suínos domésticos, todos provenientes da região de Monte Azul Paulista/SP, área com alta densidade desses animais. Nas amostras de suínos domésticos, provenientes de estabelecimento de suinocultura tecnificada, não foram encontrados macroparasitas. A partir das amostras de javalis de vida livre foram coletados 13.262 espécimes de helmintos de dez espécies diferentes, sendo nove espécies pertencentes ao Phylum Nematoda: Globocephalus urosubulatus (94,3%), Metastrongylus salmi (82,9%), Stephanurus dentatus (71,4%), Strongyloides ransomi (59,3%), Ascarops strongylina (28,6%), Metastrongylus pudendotecus (11,4%), Trichuris suis (8,6%), Ascaris suum (2,9%) e Oesophagostomum dentatum (2,9%); e uma ao Phylum Acantocephala, Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (5,7%). Em exames coproparasitológicos foram identificados ovos de 3 morfotipos diferentes, estrongilídeo, metastrongilídeo e Strongyloides, e a prevalência de parasitismo foi de 86% (19/22). Também foram observados oocistos de Eimeria spp. A contagem de ovos variou de 100 a 1800 ovos por grama de fezes. Os resultados permitem inferir que nematódeos dos gêneros Globocephalus, Metastrongylus, Stephanurus e Strongyloides são predominantes na comunidade parasitária de javalis selvagens da região norte do Estado de São Paulo. Na população estudada não houve influência do sexo nos indicadores de infecção. Apesar do potencial patogênico dos parasitas encontrados, os animais avaliados apresentavam bom escore corporal. Para a amostragem de suínos domésticos analisada, as práticas de biossegurança adotadas pelo estabelecimento de criação foram eficazes em prevenir possível introdução de parasitas a partir de javalis selvagens.
Wild boars (Sus scrofa) are one of the most important invasive species worldwide. They impact biodiversity; damage the environment, farming, and livestock; and are a reservoir of important infectious and parasitic diseases. Considering the lack of knowledge of the parasitological status of wild boars in Brazil, the objective of this study was to identify and analyze helminths in free-living wild boars in the northern region of the State of São Paulo and evaluate a possible interference on local pig farming. For this purpose, 35 wild boars and 18 domestic pigs were necropsied, all from the region of Monte Azul Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil, which is an area with a high density of these animals. No macroparasites were observed in the domestic pigs from a technified pig farm. The free-living wild boars presented with 13,262 helminth specimens from ten different species, among which nine species were of the phylum Nematoda: Globocephalus urosubulatus (94.3%), Metastrongylus salmi (82.9%), Stephanurus dentatus (71.4%), Strongyloides ransomi (59.3%), Ascarops strongylina (28.6%), M. pudendotecus (11.4%), Trichuris suis (8.6%), Ascaris suum (2.9%), and Oesophagostomum dentatum (2.9%) and one was of the phylum Acanthocephala: Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (5.7%). Coprological analysis identified eggs of three different morphotypes, Strongylidae, Metastrongylidae, and Strongyloides, and the prevalence of parasitism was 86% (19/22). Oocysts of Eimeria spp. were also observed. The egg count ranged from 100 to 1,800 eggs per gram of feces. The results show that nematodes of the genera Globocephalus, Metastrongylus, Stephanurus, and Strongyloides are predominant in the wild boar parasitic community in the northern region of the state of São Paulo. The population studied showed no influence of sex on infection indicators. Despite the pathogenic potential of these parasites, the animals evaluated had a good body score. The sample of domestic pigs analyzed showed that the biosafety practices used on the farm were effective in the prevention of the possible introduction of parasites from wild boars.
Wild boars (Sus scrofa) are one of the most important invasive species worldwide. They impact biodiversity; damage the environment, farming, and livestock; and are a reservoir of important infectious and parasitic diseases. Considering the lack of knowledge of the parasitological status of wild boars in Brazil, the objective of this study was to identify and analyze helminths in free-living wild boars in the northern region of the State of São Paulo and evaluate a possible interference on local pig farming. For this purpose, 35 wild boars and 18 domestic pigs were necropsied, all from the region of Monte Azul Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil, which is an area with a high density of these animals. No macroparasites were observed in the domestic pigs from a technified pig farm. The free-living wild boars presented with 13,262 helminth specimens from ten different species, among which nine species were of the phylum Nematoda: Globocephalus urosubulatus (94.3%), Metastrongylus salmi (82.9%), Stephanurus dentatus (71.4%), Strongyloides ransomi (59.3%), Ascarops strongylina (28.6%), M. pudendotecus (11.4%), Trichuris suis (8.6%), Ascaris suum (2.9%), and Oesophagostomum dentatum (2.9%) and one was of the phylum Acanthocephala: Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (5.7%). Coprological analysis identified eggs of three different morphotypes, Strongylidae, Metastrongylidae, and Strongyloides, and the prevalence of parasitism was 86% (19/22). Oocysts of Eimeria spp. were also observed. The egg count ranged from 100 to 1,800 eggs per gram of feces. The results show that nematodes of the genera Globocephalus, Metastrongylus, Stephanurus, and Strongyloides are predominant in the wild boar parasitic community in the northern region of the state of São Paulo. The population studied showed no influence of sex on infection indicators. Despite the pathogenic potential of these parasites, the animals evaluated had a good body score. The sample of domestic pigs analyzed showed that the biosafety practices used on the farm were effective in the prevention of the possible introduction of parasites from wild boars.
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Relação hospedeiro-parasito, Suínos selvagens, Animais exóticos, Helmintologia, Espécies invasoras, Diversidade parasitária, Host-parasite relationship, Wild boar, Exotic animals, Helminthology, Invasive species, Parasitic diversity