O sistema alimentar das comunidades rurais do Distrito de Sussundenga no contexto da prevenção e combate à desnutrição infantil em Moçambique
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Data
2021-05-24
Autores
Buanango, Maitu Abibo
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo compreender como o sistema alimentar interfere nas práticas alimentares, ações cooperativas e programas de prevenção e combate à desnutrição infantil nas comunidades rurais de Sussundenga, província de Manica, em Moçambique. O mesmo será desdobrado em forma de artigos, que terão em conta os seguintes objetivos: 1) analisar os efeitos do ciclone Idai na diversidade dietética, nas comunidades do distrito de Sussundenga, em Moçambique, considerando a sua produção, perdas de alimentos, disponibilidade de alimentos, produtos alimentares de difícil aquisição e o consumo alimentar; 2) Analisar o patriarcado e as consequentes desigualdades de gênero na estrutura das organizações associativas rurais e nos agregados familiares vulneráveis à insegurança alimentar, bem como, suas percepções em relação aos prejuízos do ciclone Idai no seu cotidiano; 3) Descrever o sistema alimentar, buscando compreender suas interações e possíveis influências na segurança alimentar e nutricional, no distrito de Sussundenga, Moçambique; 4) Analisar o trabalho em rede no distrito de Sussundenga, a partir de sua dinâmica social, buscando evidenciar os principais atores e sua relação no contexto da implementação de programas e ações visando à prevenção e combate à desnutrição infantil em Moçambique. Trata-se de um estudo quali- quantitativo, baseado em entrevistas semi-estruturadas, Escore de Diversidade Dietética e observação participante, que envolveu um total de 208 informantes. Foi utilizado como referencial teórico a abordagem dialética e como referencial metodológico o método hermenêutico-dialético de Minayo. Os resultados apontam que houve perdas de alimentos nos domicílios e nos campos de cultivo, bem como a redução na disponibilidade e consumo de alimentos, resultantes da passagem do ciclone Idai. As relações de gênero interferem na questão de participação das mulheres nas acções cooperativas, e foram considerados como limitantes na produção de alimentos, a invasão de animais silvestres de criação pecuária em locais produtivos, eventos ambientais, incluindo depressão tropical, invasão de insetos e gafanhotos, além de observadas algumas práticas agrícolas precárias, que são agudizadas pelas dificuldades de acesso aos insumos necessárioas à produção. Os ambientes alimentares encontrados apresentam algumas fragilidades que podem estar influenciando no comportamento alimentar e, também, podem estar comprometendo a seguraça alimentar e nutricional, apontada como causa da desnutrição infantil em Moçambique. As políticas públicas não contemplam de forma efetiva os atores do cenário nas ações preventivas. Portanto, além de fatores culturais, há várias outros que podem estar contribuindo para práticas alimentares insustentáveis.
The present work aims to understand how the food system interferes with dietary practices, cooperative actions and programs to prevent and combat child malnutrition in rural communities in Sussundenga, province of Manica, in Mozambique. It will be developed in the form of articles, which will take into account the following objectives: 1) to analyze the effects of cyclone Idai on dietary diversity, in the communities of the district of Sussundenga, in Mozambique, considering its production, food losses, availability of food, difficult to buy food products and food consumption; 2) Analyze patriarchy and the consequent gender inequalities in the structure of rural associative organizations and in households vulnerable to food insecurity, as well as their perceptions regarding the damage caused by Cyclone Idai in their daily lives; 3) Describe the food system, seeking to understand its interactions and possible influences on food and nutritional security, in the district of Sussundenga, Mozambique; 4) Analyze networking in the district of Sussundenga, based on its social dynamics, seeking to highlight the main actors and their relationship in the context of implementing programs and actions aimed at preventing and combating child malnutrition in Mozambique. It is a qualitative and quantitative study, based on semi-structured interviews, Dietary Diversity Score and participant observation, which involved a total of 208 informants. The dialectical approach was used as the theoretical framework and Minayo's hermeneutic-dialectical method as the methodological framework. The results indicate that there was a loss of food in the households and in the fields of cultivation, as well as a reduction in the availability and consumption of food, resulting from the passage of cyclone Idai. Gender relations interfere with the issue of women's participation in cooperative actions, and were considered as limiting the production of food, the invasion of wild livestock animals in productive places, environmental events, including tropical depression, invasion of insects and locusts, in addition to observing some precarious agricultural practices, which are aggravated by the difficulties of access to the inputs necessary for production. The food environments found have some weaknesses that may be influencing eating behavior and, also, may be compromising food and nutritional security, identified as a cause of child malnutrition in Mozambique. Public policies do not effectively include actors in the scene in preventive actions. Therefore, in addition to cultural factors, there are several others that may be contributing to unsustainable eating practices.
The present work aims to understand how the food system interferes with dietary practices, cooperative actions and programs to prevent and combat child malnutrition in rural communities in Sussundenga, province of Manica, in Mozambique. It will be developed in the form of articles, which will take into account the following objectives: 1) to analyze the effects of cyclone Idai on dietary diversity, in the communities of the district of Sussundenga, in Mozambique, considering its production, food losses, availability of food, difficult to buy food products and food consumption; 2) Analyze patriarchy and the consequent gender inequalities in the structure of rural associative organizations and in households vulnerable to food insecurity, as well as their perceptions regarding the damage caused by Cyclone Idai in their daily lives; 3) Describe the food system, seeking to understand its interactions and possible influences on food and nutritional security, in the district of Sussundenga, Mozambique; 4) Analyze networking in the district of Sussundenga, based on its social dynamics, seeking to highlight the main actors and their relationship in the context of implementing programs and actions aimed at preventing and combating child malnutrition in Mozambique. It is a qualitative and quantitative study, based on semi-structured interviews, Dietary Diversity Score and participant observation, which involved a total of 208 informants. The dialectical approach was used as the theoretical framework and Minayo's hermeneutic-dialectical method as the methodological framework. The results indicate that there was a loss of food in the households and in the fields of cultivation, as well as a reduction in the availability and consumption of food, resulting from the passage of cyclone Idai. Gender relations interfere with the issue of women's participation in cooperative actions, and were considered as limiting the production of food, the invasion of wild livestock animals in productive places, environmental events, including tropical depression, invasion of insects and locusts, in addition to observing some precarious agricultural practices, which are aggravated by the difficulties of access to the inputs necessary for production. The food environments found have some weaknesses that may be influencing eating behavior and, also, may be compromising food and nutritional security, identified as a cause of child malnutrition in Mozambique. Public policies do not effectively include actors in the scene in preventive actions. Therefore, in addition to cultural factors, there are several others that may be contributing to unsustainable eating practices.
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Palavras-chave
diversidade dietética, Práticas alimentares, ciclone Idai, ambientes alimentares, ações cooperativas, Eating practices, dietary diversity, cyclone Idai, food environments, cooperative actions