Qualidade física do solo em cafezais nos sistemas de produção orgânico e convencional
Carregando...
Data
2022-02-25
Autores
Donadeli, João Paulo Leme
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No Brasil, a cultura do cafeeiro ocupa uma posição de destaque por vários anos, com grande impacto social com a geração de empregos e diminuição do êxodo rural, além da participação na economia e em toda a história da sociedade brasileira. O sistema de produção de um cafezal refleti diretamente na estrutura do solo, e consequentemente, nas relações solo-planta. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os atributos físicos do solo de dois sistemas distintos de produção de café, sendo eles, sistema de produção convencional e orgânico. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Bela Época, localizada no município de Ribeirão Corrente, SP, a área estudada foi de 7,04 ha, constituindo-se de 4 talhões. As lavouras apresentavam na safra de 2020, 12 anos de idade e foram transplantadas no espaçamento de 3,80 m entre linhas e 0,70 m entre plantas, totalizando 3.760 plantas ha-1. As coordenadas geográficas são 20o29’51’’ de latitude Sul e 47o32’52’’ de longitude Oeste, com altitude média de 880 m, declividade média de 7% e clima classificado pelo método de Koppen, como subtropical de inverno (Cwa). A coleta das amostras do solo, ocorreu em janeiro de 2020, devido as condições climáticas favoráveis para extração das amostras. Em cada área, foram amostrados um total de 40 pontos localizados na extremidade dos ramos plagiotrópicos das plantas, sendo duas camadas por ponto, 0,00-0,10 m e 0,10-0,20 m de profundidade. Os atributos do solo avaliados foram: massa dos agregados, índice de estabilidade de agregados, macroporosidade, microporosidade, densidade do solo e resistência do solo à penetração e carbono orgânico. O solo das quatro áreas caracterizou-se como Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico típico, textura franco argiloso arenosa (294 g kg-1 de argila na camada de 0,00-0,20 m). Esses atributos foram submetidos à análise multivariada de fatores, onde se identificou dois processos, o primeiro interpretado como “estrutura do solo” e o segundo interpretado como “aeração do solo”. Os resultados encontrados nos fatores em cada um dos sistemas foram testadas pela análise de variância e as interações significativas entre sistema de produção, camada do solo e cultivares, foram analisadas pelo teste de médias de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. O maior teor fornecido de matéria orgânica ao sistema de produção orgânico proporcionou maior estrutura física do solo.
In Brazil, the coffee culture occupies a prominent position for several years, with great social impact with the generation of jobs and reduction of the rural exodus, in addition to the participation in the economy and throughout the history of Brazilian society. The production system of a coffee plantation reflects directly on the soil structure, and consequently, on the soil-plant relationships. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the physical attributes of the soil of two distinct coffee production systems, namely, conventional and organic production systems. The experiment was carried out at Fazenda Bela Época, located in the municipality of Ribeirão Corrente, SP, the studied area was 7.04 ha, consisting of 4 plots. The crops were 12 years old in the 2020 harvest and were transplanted at a spacing of 3.80 m between rows and 0.70 m between plants, totaling 3,760 plants ha-1. The geographic coordinates are 20o29'51'' South latitude and 47o32'52'' West longitude, with an average altitude of 880 m, average slope of 7% and climate classified by the Koppen method as subtropical winter (Cwa). The collection of soil samples took place in January 2020, due to favorable weather conditions for extracting the samples. In each area, a total of 40 points located at the extremity of the plagiotropic branches of the plants were sampled, with two layers per point, 0.00-0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m deep. Soil attributes evaluated were: aggregate mass, aggregate stability index, macroporosity, microporosity, soil density and soil penetration resistance and organic carbon. The soil of the four areas was characterized as a typical eutroferric Red Latosol, with a sandy loamy loam texture (294 g kg-1 of clay in the 0.00-0.20 m layer). These attributes were subjected to multivariate analysis of factors, where two processes were identified, the first interpreted as “soil structure” and the second interpreted as “soil aeration”. The results found in the factors in each of the systems were tested by analysis of variance and the significant interactions between production system, soil layer and cultivars were analyzed by Tukey's average test at 5% probability. The higher content of organic matter supplied to the organic production system provided better physical structure of the soil.
In Brazil, the coffee culture occupies a prominent position for several years, with great social impact with the generation of jobs and reduction of the rural exodus, in addition to the participation in the economy and throughout the history of Brazilian society. The production system of a coffee plantation reflects directly on the soil structure, and consequently, on the soil-plant relationships. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the physical attributes of the soil of two distinct coffee production systems, namely, conventional and organic production systems. The experiment was carried out at Fazenda Bela Época, located in the municipality of Ribeirão Corrente, SP, the studied area was 7.04 ha, consisting of 4 plots. The crops were 12 years old in the 2020 harvest and were transplanted at a spacing of 3.80 m between rows and 0.70 m between plants, totaling 3,760 plants ha-1. The geographic coordinates are 20o29'51'' South latitude and 47o32'52'' West longitude, with an average altitude of 880 m, average slope of 7% and climate classified by the Koppen method as subtropical winter (Cwa). The collection of soil samples took place in January 2020, due to favorable weather conditions for extracting the samples. In each area, a total of 40 points located at the extremity of the plagiotropic branches of the plants were sampled, with two layers per point, 0.00-0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m deep. Soil attributes evaluated were: aggregate mass, aggregate stability index, macroporosity, microporosity, soil density and soil penetration resistance and organic carbon. The soil of the four areas was characterized as a typical eutroferric Red Latosol, with a sandy loamy loam texture (294 g kg-1 of clay in the 0.00-0.20 m layer). These attributes were subjected to multivariate analysis of factors, where two processes were identified, the first interpreted as “soil structure” and the second interpreted as “soil aeration”. The results found in the factors in each of the systems were tested by analysis of variance and the significant interactions between production system, soil layer and cultivars were analyzed by Tukey's average test at 5% probability. The higher content of organic matter supplied to the organic production system provided better physical structure of the soil.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Agregação do solo, Café, Estrutura do solo, Matéria Orgânica no solo, Aeração do solo