A evapotranspiração no Estado do Pará: definição de déficits hídricos, utilização do sensoriamento remoto e da geoestatística
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Data
2021-01-08
Autores
Gaia, Camila Duane Correa
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Tendo em vista o papel do Bioma Amazônia na climatologia do mundo, objetivou-se, este trabalho, o estudo das variáveis climáticas do Estado do Pará: temperatura média do ar, umidade média do ar, radiação solar global e precipitação. Além disso, foi realizado a estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) através da equação de Penman-Monteith e o ajuste da equação de Thornthwaite e Hargreaves e Samani localmente. Para isso, no Capítulo 1, intitulado “Cálculo da evapotranspiração de referência e estudo climático do Estado do Pará” foram utilizados dados de estações meteorológicas automáticas disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (Inmet) de 22 estações localizadas no Estado do Pará e de 15 localizadas nos arredores do Estado. A partir destas informações foram elaborados mapas de interpolação e os componentes climáticos foram avaliados. Com o intuito de quantificar os excedentes e as deficiências hídricas foi realizado o balanço hídrico normal, utilizando a CAD de 100 mm. No Capitulo 2, intitulado “Avaliação e ajuste de equações empíricas baseadas em temperatura e radiação solar para estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência no Estado do Pará” foram utilizados os dados das 22 estações do Estado do Pará para a o cálculo da evapotranspiração por meio das equações de Penman-Monteith, Thornthwaite e Hargreaves e Samani. Estas foram comparadas na sua forma original e posteriormente ajustadas localmente por meio do coeficiente de desempenho desenvolvido por Camargo e Sentelhas (2007). Observou-se que temperatura do ar e radiação solar foram os componentes que mais contribuíram justificar as variações ao longo do ano da evapotranspiração de referência. A equação de Thornthwaite apresentou desempenho insatisfatório na maioria das localidades estudadas, mesmo após a tentativa de ajuste local. Enquanto que a equação de Hargreaves e Samani, na sua forma original, apresentou bom desempenho, que foi melhorado ainda mais com ajuste local.
In view of the role of the Amazon Biome in the climatology of the world, this work aimed to study the climatic variables of the State of Pará: average air temperature, average relative humidity, global solar radiation and precipitation. In addition, the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated using the Penman-Monteith equation and the Thornthwaite and Hargreaves and Samani equation adjusted locally. For this purpose, in Chapter 1, entitled “Calculation of reference evapotranspiration and climatic study of the State of Pará”, data from automatic meteorological stations were used by the National Meteorological Institute (Inmet) of 22 stations located in the State of Pará and 15 stations located on the boundary of the state. Based on this information, interpolation maps were elaborated and the climatic components were evaluated. In order to quantify surpluses and water deficiencies, a normal water balance was performed using the 100 mm CAD. In Chapter 2, entitled “Evaluation and adjustment of empirical equations based on temperature and solar radiation to estimate the reference evapotranspiration in the State of Pará”, data from the 22 stations in the State of Pará were used to calculate the evapotranspiration using the equations of Penman-Monteith, Thornthwaite and Hargreaves and Samani. These were compared in their original form and subsequently adjusted locally using the performance coefficient developed by Camargo and Sentelhas (2007). It was observed that air temperature and solar radiation were the components that contributed most to justify the variations throughout the year of reference evapotranspiration. The Thornthwaite equation performed poorly in most of the studied locations, even after attempting local adjustment. While the Hargreaves and Samani equation, in its original form, performed well, it was further improved with local adjustment.
In view of the role of the Amazon Biome in the climatology of the world, this work aimed to study the climatic variables of the State of Pará: average air temperature, average relative humidity, global solar radiation and precipitation. In addition, the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated using the Penman-Monteith equation and the Thornthwaite and Hargreaves and Samani equation adjusted locally. For this purpose, in Chapter 1, entitled “Calculation of reference evapotranspiration and climatic study of the State of Pará”, data from automatic meteorological stations were used by the National Meteorological Institute (Inmet) of 22 stations located in the State of Pará and 15 stations located on the boundary of the state. Based on this information, interpolation maps were elaborated and the climatic components were evaluated. In order to quantify surpluses and water deficiencies, a normal water balance was performed using the 100 mm CAD. In Chapter 2, entitled “Evaluation and adjustment of empirical equations based on temperature and solar radiation to estimate the reference evapotranspiration in the State of Pará”, data from the 22 stations in the State of Pará were used to calculate the evapotranspiration using the equations of Penman-Monteith, Thornthwaite and Hargreaves and Samani. These were compared in their original form and subsequently adjusted locally using the performance coefficient developed by Camargo and Sentelhas (2007). It was observed that air temperature and solar radiation were the components that contributed most to justify the variations throughout the year of reference evapotranspiration. The Thornthwaite equation performed poorly in most of the studied locations, even after attempting local adjustment. While the Hargreaves and Samani equation, in its original form, performed well, it was further improved with local adjustment.
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Palavras-chave
Balanço hídrico, Clima úmido, Thornthwaite, Hargreaves-Samani, Water balance, Humid climate