Consciência de si, deliberação, tensão e profundidade na Ilíada: os caminhos do “eu” ficcional.
Carregando...
Data
2023-05-29
Autores
Fortuna, Gabriel Galdino [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nesta pesquisa almejamos identificar os conceitos de Consciência de si, Deliberação, Tensão e Profundidade na obra homérica- a Ilíada- afastando o estigma provindo de uma parcela da Crítica do século XX que atribuiu à obra o rótulo de mímesis ingênua da vida e de narrativa constituída por personagens superficiais. Após o contato com grandes homeristas como Bruno Snell (1946) e E.R Dodds (1951) que renegaram conceitos fundamentais contidos em Homero como os pressupostos da alma heraclítica, entendemos a necessidade de repatriar tais qualidades ao texto, considerando que a negligência de tais elementos culminaria em uma percepção estética do épico como detentor de uma estrutura rasa, de personagens pouco desenvolvidas e inverossímeis, movimento que aproxima os heróis a personagens planas ou de humor. Para tal empreitada nos servimos da narratologia tradicional de Gérard Genette (1972) e da narratologia cognitivista de Mieke Bal (1985) e seus sucessores que aplicaram na Ilíada os princípios propostos por estes dois estudiosos, como foi o caso de Scott Richardson (1990), René Nünlist (2003), Irené De Jong (2004), Jonathan Ready (2014) dentre outros. Além disso, por intermédio das interpretações de filólogos, linguistas e filósofos como Seel (1953) e Gaskin (1990) abertamente avessas à escola snelliana do início do século XX ao identificarem o “eu” ficcional e o conceito de unidade e subjetividade através da relação entre um pronome pessoal e um verbo de percepção, fomos capazes de aplicar tais noções no referido poema épico e desenvolvê-las pelo filtro narratológico, oferecido principalmente pela teoria do ponto de vista proposta por Mieke Bal ([1985] 2017, p.133) que defende que “a focalização é a relação entre a visão e o que é visto ou percebido”. Diante dessa relação transversal entre elementos cognitivos e focalização, potencializamos os argumentos necessários para justificar a leitura sobre a obra homérica como sendo uma construção dotada de profundidade e complexidade, tanto em níveis estruturais quanto no que se refere à imitação da natureza humana.
In this research we aim to identify the concepts of Self-Consciousness, Deliberation, Tension and Depth in the Homeric work - the Iliad - removing the stigma coming from a portion of the 20th century Criticism that attributed to the work the label of naive mimesis of life and narrative made up of superficial characters. After the contact with great Homerists such as Bruno Snell (1946) and ER Dodds (1951) who reneged on fundamental concepts contained in Homer as the presuppositions of the Heraclitean soul, we understand the need to repatriate such qualities to the text, considering that the neglect of such elements would culminate in an aesthetic perception of the epic as the holder of a shallow structure, of undeveloped and unreal characters, a movement that brings the heroes closer to flat or humorous characters. For this endeavor, we used the traditional narratology of Gérard Genette (1972) and the cognitive narratology of Mieke Bal (1985) and his successors who applied the principles proposed by these two scholars in the Iliad, as was the case of Scott Richardson (1990), René Nünlist (2003), Irené De Jong (2004), Jonathan Ready (2014) among others. Furthermore, through the interpretations of philologists, linguists and philosophers such as Seel (1953) and Gaskin (1990) openly averse to the Snellian school of the early 20th century by identifying the fictional “I” and the concept of unity and subjectivity through the relationship between a personal pronoun and a verb of perception, we were able to apply such notions in the aforementioned epic poem and develop them through the narratological filter, offered mainly by the point of view theory proposed by Mieke Bal ([1985] 2017, p.133) who argues that “focusing is the relationship between vision and what is seen or perceived”. In the face of this transversal relationship between cognitive elements and focus, we potentiate the arguments necessary to justify the reading of the Homeric work as a construction endowed with depth and complexity, both at structural levels and regarding the imitation of human nature.
In this research we aim to identify the concepts of Self-Consciousness, Deliberation, Tension and Depth in the Homeric work - the Iliad - removing the stigma coming from a portion of the 20th century Criticism that attributed to the work the label of naive mimesis of life and narrative made up of superficial characters. After the contact with great Homerists such as Bruno Snell (1946) and ER Dodds (1951) who reneged on fundamental concepts contained in Homer as the presuppositions of the Heraclitean soul, we understand the need to repatriate such qualities to the text, considering that the neglect of such elements would culminate in an aesthetic perception of the epic as the holder of a shallow structure, of undeveloped and unreal characters, a movement that brings the heroes closer to flat or humorous characters. For this endeavor, we used the traditional narratology of Gérard Genette (1972) and the cognitive narratology of Mieke Bal (1985) and his successors who applied the principles proposed by these two scholars in the Iliad, as was the case of Scott Richardson (1990), René Nünlist (2003), Irené De Jong (2004), Jonathan Ready (2014) among others. Furthermore, through the interpretations of philologists, linguists and philosophers such as Seel (1953) and Gaskin (1990) openly averse to the Snellian school of the early 20th century by identifying the fictional “I” and the concept of unity and subjectivity through the relationship between a personal pronoun and a verb of perception, we were able to apply such notions in the aforementioned epic poem and develop them through the narratological filter, offered mainly by the point of view theory proposed by Mieke Bal ([1985] 2017, p.133) who argues that “focusing is the relationship between vision and what is seen or perceived”. In the face of this transversal relationship between cognitive elements and focus, we potentiate the arguments necessary to justify the reading of the Homeric work as a construction endowed with depth and complexity, both at structural levels and regarding the imitation of human nature.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ilíada, Consciência de si, Deliberação, Tensão, Profundidade, Iliad, Self-consciousness, Deliberation, Tension, Depth