Substâncias bioestimulantes no cultivo hidropônico da alface em diferentes épocas
Data
2020-02-17
Autores
Assis, Kamila Cristina de Credo
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A hidroponia consiste no cultivo sem solo por meio de soluções nutritivas acrescidas de todos os nutrientes essenciais ao desenvolvimento do vegetal. Com o aumento da população é necessário cada vez mais produzir em quantidade e qualidade. Neste aspecto o uso de bioestimulantes pode ser uma alternativa em razão dos benefícios ocasionados às culturas como aumento de produtividade, aumento da absorção de nutrientes e qualidade do vegetal. Objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento da alface cv Vera cultivada em ambiente hidropônico em soluções acrescidas de bioestimulantes. O experimento foi desenvolvido em sistema hidropônico NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) entre os dias 17-02 à 07-03 (verão) e o segundo ciclo e entre os dias 27-08 à 16-09 (inverno) de 2020. Os tratamentos consistiram na adição da dose estabelecida pelo fabricante de cinco produtos bioestimulantes SB1 (12% ácido húmicos), SB2 (20% ácidos fúlvicos), SB3 (1% K; 12% ácidos húmicos), SB4 (37% ácido carboxílico), SB5 (ortofosfato solúvel) à concentração original da solução nutritiva proposta por Furlani para o cultivo da alface. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizado (DBC) com quatro repetições sendo que cada repetição representou um canal de cultivo com 20 plantas. Foram avaliados aos 10 dias após o transplante (DAT) em ambos os ciclos a biomassa fresca e seca da parte aérea, volume radicular, medida indireta de clorofila, número de folhas, relação parte aérea-sistema radicular e aos 20 DAT todos os parâmetros anteriores mais teor e acúmulo de macro e micronutrientes. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância no software estatístico SISVAR 5.4 onde foi utilizado o teste F ao nível de 0,05 de significância para determinação das diferenças entre os tratamentos. Quando ocorreu diferença significativa as médias foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey ao nível de 0,05 de significância. A SB4 promoveu diminuição no crescimento da alface em ambos os ciclos. No cultivo de verão a SB5 apresentou maior desempenho para o cultivo de alface cv. Vera em ambiente hidropônico. No cultivo de inverno não houve resposta produtiva da alface em função da aplicação de bioestimulantes mesmo a SB1 promovendo aumento do sistema radicular
Hydroponics consists of cultivation without soil by means of nutritional solutions plus all the essential nutrients for the development of the plant. With the increase in population, it is increasingly necessary to produce in quantity and quality. In this regard, the use of biostimulants can be an alternative due to the benefits caused to crops such as increased productivity, increased absorption of nutrients and quality of the vegetable. The objective was to evaluate the development of cv Vera lettuce grown in a hydroponic environment in solutions added with biostimulants. The experiment was carried out in a hydroponic system NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) between the days 17-02 to 07-03 (summer) and the second cycle and between the days 27-08 to 16-09 (winter) 2020. The treatments consisted of in addition to the dose established by the manufacturer of five biostimulant products SB1 (12% humic acid), SB2 (20% fulvic acids), SB3 (1% K; 12% humic acids), SB4 (37% carboxylic acid), SB5 (orthophosphate) soluble) to the original concentration of the nutrient solution proposed by Furlani for the cultivation of lettuce. The randomized block design (DBC) was used with four replications, each replication representing a cultivation channel with 20 plants. Fresh and dry aerial biomass, root volume, indirect measure of chlorophyll, number of leaves, aerial part-root system ratio and at 20 DAT all previous parameters plus content and accumulation of macro and micronutrients. The results were submitted to analysis of variance in the statistical software SISVAR 5.4 where the F test was used at the level of 0.05 of significance to determine the differences between treatments. When there was a significant difference, the means were compared using the Tukey test at the 0.05 level of significance. SB4 reduced the growth of lettuce in both cycles. In the summer cultivation, the SB5 showed higher performance for the cultivation of lettuce cv. Vera in a hydroponic environment. In the winter cultivation, there was no productive response of the lettuce due to the application of biostimulants even the SB1 promoting an increase in the root system.
Hydroponics consists of cultivation without soil by means of nutritional solutions plus all the essential nutrients for the development of the plant. With the increase in population, it is increasingly necessary to produce in quantity and quality. In this regard, the use of biostimulants can be an alternative due to the benefits caused to crops such as increased productivity, increased absorption of nutrients and quality of the vegetable. The objective was to evaluate the development of cv Vera lettuce grown in a hydroponic environment in solutions added with biostimulants. The experiment was carried out in a hydroponic system NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) between the days 17-02 to 07-03 (summer) and the second cycle and between the days 27-08 to 16-09 (winter) 2020. The treatments consisted of in addition to the dose established by the manufacturer of five biostimulant products SB1 (12% humic acid), SB2 (20% fulvic acids), SB3 (1% K; 12% humic acids), SB4 (37% carboxylic acid), SB5 (orthophosphate) soluble) to the original concentration of the nutrient solution proposed by Furlani for the cultivation of lettuce. The randomized block design (DBC) was used with four replications, each replication representing a cultivation channel with 20 plants. Fresh and dry aerial biomass, root volume, indirect measure of chlorophyll, number of leaves, aerial part-root system ratio and at 20 DAT all previous parameters plus content and accumulation of macro and micronutrients. The results were submitted to analysis of variance in the statistical software SISVAR 5.4 where the F test was used at the level of 0.05 of significance to determine the differences between treatments. When there was a significant difference, the means were compared using the Tukey test at the 0.05 level of significance. SB4 reduced the growth of lettuce in both cycles. In the summer cultivation, the SB5 showed higher performance for the cultivation of lettuce cv. Vera in a hydroponic environment. In the winter cultivation, there was no productive response of the lettuce due to the application of biostimulants even the SB1 promoting an increase in the root system.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Acúmulo de nutrientes, Lactuca sativa, Soluções nutritivas, Substâncias húmicas, Nutrient accumulation, Nutritional solutions, Humic substances