Uso de aminoácidos e biossólido na substituição do nitrogênio na cultura do feijoeiro
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Data
2022-02-23
Autores
Febroni, Laís Veloso
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso de diferentes fontes de adubação nitrogenada é, historicamente, importante na agricultura. Atualmente com a necessidade de aumento de produtividade, junto a busca por maior autonomia na fabricação de fertilizantes no Brasil e a necessidade preservação dos recursos ambientais, investigar o uso de fontes alternativas e sua eficácia na produção, bem como mensurar os seus impactos no solo possuem relevância no cenário agrícola. À vista disso, no presente trabalho objetivou-se utilizar fertilizante à base de aminoácidos e biossólido na adubação nitrogenada do feijão comum carioca IAC Imperador, sob diferentes doses de adubação de cobertura. A pesquisa foi conduzida em ambiente protegido, túnel plástico, na FCA/UNESP de Botucatu SP, sob o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 com dois adicionais (controles positivo e negativo), sendo os tratamentos: T1: dose de 100% N, suprida por aminoácidos; T2: dose de 100%, suprida por metade aminoácidos, metade biossólido; T3: dose de 125% N, suprida por aminoácidos; T4: dose de 125%, suprida por metade aminoácidos, metade biossólido; T5: dose de 150% N, suprida por aminoácidos; T6: dose de 150%, suprida por metade aminoácidos, metade biossólido; T7: dose de 100% N, suprida por ureia; T8: sem adubação nitrogenada. A aplicação dos aminoácidos e da ureia foi por fertirrigação, tanto na adubação de plantio, como na de cobertura, sendo as doses de cobertura dividida em três aplicações, nos estádios fisiológicos V3, V4 e R5 do feijoeiro. Já o biossólido foi aplicado no solo, junto com P e K, antes do plantio. Foram avaliadas as variáveis biométricas (altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, números de folhas, área foliar e matéria seca da parte área) e a diagnose foliar (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn) no início do florescimento pleno, já no fim do experimento avaliou-se as variáveis de produção (número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, massa de 100 grãos), produtividade e análise química do solo (P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, pH, MO, CE, do SB, V%, CTC). Conclui-se, que a aplicação de aminoácido via solo foi eficiente na nutrição das plantas, sobretudo quando utilizada junto ao biossólido, mostrando-se um potencial fonte de adubação nitrogenada na agricultura, com resultados equivalentes a adubação mineral com ureia e, ainda não foi observado efeitos deletérios ao solo.
The use of different sources of nitrogen fertilization is historically important in agriculture. Currently, with the need to increase productivity, together with the search for greater autonomy in the manufacture of fertilizers in Brazil and the need to preserve environmental resources, investigating the use of alternative sources and their effectiveness in production, as well as measuring their impacts on the soil have relevance in the agricultural scenario. In view of this, the present work aimed to use fertilizer based on amino acids and biosolid in nitrogen fertilization in common bean carioca IAC Imperador, under different doses of topdressing fertilization. The research was carried out in a protected environment, in a plastic tunnel, at the FCA/UNESP in Botucatu-SP, under a completely randomized design in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme with two additional ones (positive and negative controls), being the treatments: T1: dose of 100% N, supplied by amino acids; T2: 100% dose, supplied by half amino acids, half biosolid; T3: 125% N dose, supplied by amino acids; T4: 125% dose, supplied by half amino acids, half biosolid; T5: 150% N dose, supplied by amino acids; T6: 150% dose, supplied by half amino acids, half biosolid; T7: dose of 100% N, supplied by urea; T8: without nitrogen fertilization. The application of amino acids and urea was carried out by fertigation, both in the planting fertilization and in the coverage, with the coverage rates divided into three applications, in the physiological stages V3, V4 and R5 of the common bean. The biosolid was applied in the soil, along with P and K, before planting. The biometric variables (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area and dry matter of the part area) and the leaf diagnosis (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn) at the beginning of full flowering were evaluated, at the end of the experiment the production variables were evaluated ( number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, weight of 100 grains), yield and soil chemical analysis (P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn , Zn, pH, MO, EC, of SB, V%, CTC). It is concluded that the application of amino acid in soil was efficient in plant nutrition, especially when used with biosolids, showing a potential source of nitrogen fertilization in agriculture, with results equivalent to mineral fertilization with urea, and it has not yet been deleterious effects on the soil were observed.
The use of different sources of nitrogen fertilization is historically important in agriculture. Currently, with the need to increase productivity, together with the search for greater autonomy in the manufacture of fertilizers in Brazil and the need to preserve environmental resources, investigating the use of alternative sources and their effectiveness in production, as well as measuring their impacts on the soil have relevance in the agricultural scenario. In view of this, the present work aimed to use fertilizer based on amino acids and biosolid in nitrogen fertilization in common bean carioca IAC Imperador, under different doses of topdressing fertilization. The research was carried out in a protected environment, in a plastic tunnel, at the FCA/UNESP in Botucatu-SP, under a completely randomized design in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme with two additional ones (positive and negative controls), being the treatments: T1: dose of 100% N, supplied by amino acids; T2: 100% dose, supplied by half amino acids, half biosolid; T3: 125% N dose, supplied by amino acids; T4: 125% dose, supplied by half amino acids, half biosolid; T5: 150% N dose, supplied by amino acids; T6: 150% dose, supplied by half amino acids, half biosolid; T7: dose of 100% N, supplied by urea; T8: without nitrogen fertilization. The application of amino acids and urea was carried out by fertigation, both in the planting fertilization and in the coverage, with the coverage rates divided into three applications, in the physiological stages V3, V4 and R5 of the common bean. The biosolid was applied in the soil, along with P and K, before planting. The biometric variables (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area and dry matter of the part area) and the leaf diagnosis (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn) at the beginning of full flowering were evaluated, at the end of the experiment the production variables were evaluated ( number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, weight of 100 grains), yield and soil chemical analysis (P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn , Zn, pH, MO, EC, of SB, V%, CTC). It is concluded that the application of amino acid in soil was efficient in plant nutrition, especially when used with biosolids, showing a potential source of nitrogen fertilization in agriculture, with results equivalent to mineral fertilization with urea, and it has not yet been deleterious effects on the soil were observed.
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Palavras-chave
adubação nitrogenada, subprodutos na agricultura, nutrição de plantas, feijão-comum, fertirrigação, nitrogen fertilization, by-products in agriculture, plant nutrition, common bean, fertigation