Fertilizantes com bioestimulantes no crescimento de grama Esmeralda sob duas condições de déficit hídrico
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Data
2021-02-26
Autores
Begueline, Maria Clara Lelles Moreira
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A nutrição e a quantidade de água são fatores importantes no crescimento das gramas, busca por um sistema de produção que utilize cada vez menos fertilizantes químicos e forneça água de forma eficiente tem aumentado. Os biofertilizantes são materiais orgânicos que quando aplicados em pequenas quantidades, melhoram o crescimento e auxiliam no desenvolvimento radicular das plantas sob condições de estresse. O experimento foi instalado em vasos, em casa de vegetação, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de fertilizantes com bioestimulantes no crescimento da grama Esmeralda (Zoysia japonica Steud.), sob duas condições de déficit hídrico. O delineamento utilizado no experimento foi em parcelas subdivididas, sendo dois déficits hídricos (50% e 80% da capacidade de campo), como parcela principal, e seis tratamentos compostos por fertilizantes com bioestimulantes, mais um controle, como subparcela (1 - controle, 2 - fertilizante com extrato de alga, 3 - fertilizante com ácido húmico, 4 - fertilizante com ácido fúlvico, 5 - mistura de fertilizante com extrato de alga + fertilizante com aminoácido, 6 - mistura de fertilizante com extrato de alga + fertilizante com ácido húmico e 7 - fertilizante com aminoácido), com oito repetições. Foram realizadas as análises de massa da matéria seca das aparas, NDVI (índice de reflectância da folha), taxa de cobertura verde pelo gramado, medida indireta de clorofila, altura do gramado, volume e massa da matéria seca das raízes + estolões + rizomas, concentração foliar de macro e micronutrientes. O tratamento com o fertilizante contendo aminoácidos apresentou os melhores resultados mesmo com déficit hídrico de 50%. A grama apresentou maior necessidade de água no início do desenvolvimento, e no restante do ciclo o déficit de 50% da capacidade de campo foi o suficiente para o desenvolvimento da grama.
Nutrition and the amount of water are important factors in the production of grass, the search for a production system that uses less chemical fertilizers and provides water efficiently has increased. Biofertilizers are organic materials that, when applied in small quantities, improve growth and assist in the root development of plants under stress conditions. The experiment was installed in pots, in a greenhouse, with the objective of evaluating the effect of fertilizers with biostimulants, in the production of Esmeralda grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), on two irrigation depths. The design used in the experiment was in subdivided plots, with two irrigation depths (50% and 80% of field capacity) as the main plot, six treatments composed of fertilizers with biostimulants and a control as subplots (1 - control, 2 - fertilizer with seaweed extract, 3 - humic acid fertilizer, 4 - fulvic acid fertilizer, 5 - mix of fertilizer with seaweed extract + fertilizer with amino acid, 6 - mix of fertilizer with seaweed extract + fertilizer with humic acid and 7 - fertilizer with amino acid ) with eight repetitions. Was analyzed dry matter mass of the cuttings, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), green coverage rate, indirect chlorophyll measure, height, volume and dry matter mass of the roots + stolons + rhizomes, concentration of macro and micronutrients. The treatment with fertilizer containing amino acids showed the best results even with a 50% water deficit. The grass showed a greater need for water at the beginning of development, and in the rest of the cycle the deficit of 50% of the field capacity was sufficient for the development of the grass.
Nutrition and the amount of water are important factors in the production of grass, the search for a production system that uses less chemical fertilizers and provides water efficiently has increased. Biofertilizers are organic materials that, when applied in small quantities, improve growth and assist in the root development of plants under stress conditions. The experiment was installed in pots, in a greenhouse, with the objective of evaluating the effect of fertilizers with biostimulants, in the production of Esmeralda grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), on two irrigation depths. The design used in the experiment was in subdivided plots, with two irrigation depths (50% and 80% of field capacity) as the main plot, six treatments composed of fertilizers with biostimulants and a control as subplots (1 - control, 2 - fertilizer with seaweed extract, 3 - humic acid fertilizer, 4 - fulvic acid fertilizer, 5 - mix of fertilizer with seaweed extract + fertilizer with amino acid, 6 - mix of fertilizer with seaweed extract + fertilizer with humic acid and 7 - fertilizer with amino acid ) with eight repetitions. Was analyzed dry matter mass of the cuttings, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), green coverage rate, indirect chlorophyll measure, height, volume and dry matter mass of the roots + stolons + rhizomes, concentration of macro and micronutrients. The treatment with fertilizer containing amino acids showed the best results even with a 50% water deficit. The grass showed a greater need for water at the beginning of development, and in the rest of the cycle the deficit of 50% of the field capacity was sufficient for the development of the grass.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Algas, Substâncias húmicas, Aminoácidos, Irrigação, Seaweed, Humic substances, Amino acids, Irrigation