Adubação fosfatada via solo e foliar na cultura da batata cultivada em solo com elevada disponibilidade de fósforo
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Data
2023-02-27
Autores
Calles, Tassiane Sanchez
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Altas doses de fertilizantes fosfatados têm sido utilizadas no cultivo da batata, mesmo em solos já com elevada disponibilidade de fósforo (P). A adubação foliar com P, especialmente na fase de enchimento de tubérculos, tem surgido como alternativa complementar para nutrição da cultura. Assim, objetivou-se com está pesquisa avaliar o efeito de doses de P aplicadas no sulco de plantio e da aplicação de P via foliar na nutrição, produtividade e qualidade de tubérculos da cultura batata, cultivada em solos com elevado teor de P disponível (Presina = 74-123 mg dm-3 ). Foram conduzidos três experimentos, um com a cultivar Agata no ano de 2021 em Itapeva-SP (exp. I), e os outros dois com a cultivar Orchestra em 2022, sendo um conduzido em Itaí-SP (exp. II) e outro em Paranapanema-SP (exp. III). Os experimentos tiveram o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com esquema fatorial 5×2 e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de doses de P aplicadas no sulco de plantio (0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 kg ha-1 de P2O5) e ausência e presença de adubação foliar de P (9,0 kg ha-1 de P2O5), sendo que esta aplicação foi parcelada em três aplicações (3,0 kg ha-1 de P2O5) na fase de enchimento dos tubérculos, ou seja, aproximadamente entre 33 e 63 dias após a emergência (DAE). A fonte de P utilizada no sulco de plantio foi o fosfato monoamônico (MAP) e para a adubação foliar foi utilizado o fosfato monoamônico purificado (MAP purificado). Mesmo na ausência de adubação fosfatada no sulco de plantio, a cultura da batata, cultivada em solos com altos teores de P disponível, apresentou adequada nutrição de P e produtividade média de tubérculos de 48.633 kg ha-1 . A adubação fosfatada de plantio aumentou linearmente o teor de P nas folhas, o número de tubérculos por planta e a exportação de P; contudo, a produtividade de tubérculos foi aumentada em apenas 6,5% (3.076 kg ha-1 ) e somente até a dose de 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5 aplicada no sulco de plantio. Em solos com altos teores de P disponível, a cultura da batata é pouco responsiva a aplicação de altas doses de P, sendo assim, é possível obter elevada produtividade de tubérculos com o uso de doses de P bem menores que aquelas tradicionalmente utilizadas na cultura da batata. Aplicações foliares de P na fase de enchimento de tubérculos da cultura da batata cultivada em solos com elevado teor de P disponível, apesar de terem aumentado o teor de P nas folhas e parte aérea e a quantidade de P acumulada pela cultura, não interfere na produtividade e qualidade dos tubérculos. Em solos com alto teor de P disponível, a adubação fosfatada via sulco e/ou foliar não interferem na qualidade dos tubérculos.
High rates of phosphate fertilizers have been used in potato cultivation, even in soils with high availability of phosphorus (P). Foliar fertilization with P, especially in the tuber bulking phase, has emerged as a complementary alternative for the nutrition of the crop. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of P rates applied in the planting furrow and foliar application of P on the nutrition and tuber yield and quality of potato crop, cultivated in soils with high P availability (Presina = 74-123 mg dm3 ). Three experiments were conducted, one with cultivar Agata in Itapeva-SP 2021 (exp. I), and the other two with cultivar Orchestra in 2022, one conducted in Itaí-SP (exp. II) and the other in Paranapanema-SP (exp. III). The experiments had a randomized block design, with a 5×2 factorial scheme and four replications. The treatments consisted of a combination of P rates applied in the planting furrow (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and absence and presence of foliar P fertilization (9.0 kg P2O5 ha-1 ), and this application was divided into three applications (3.0 kg P2O5 ha-1 ) in the tuber bulking phase, i.e., approximately between 33 and 63 days after emergence (DAE). The P source used in the planting furrow was monoammonium phosphate (MAP), whereas for foliar fertilization purified monoammonium phosphate (purified MAP) was used. Even in the absence of P fertilization in the planting furrow, the potato crop grown in soils with high levels of available P showed adequate P nutrition and average tuber yield of 48,633 kg ha-1 . Planting P fertilization linearly increased the leaf P concentration, the number of tubers per plant, and P removal; however, the tuber yield was increased by only 6.5% (3,076 kg ha-1 ) and only up to the rate of 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 applied in the planting furrow. In soils with high levels of available P, the potato crop is not very responsive to the application of high P rates; therefore, it is possible to obtain high tuber yield with the use of P rates much lower than those traditionally used in the crop potato. Foliar applications of P in the tuber bulking phase of the potato crop grown in soils with a high P availability, despite having increased the P concentrations in the leaves and aboveground part and the amount of P accumulated by the crop, it does not interfere with tuber yield and quality. In soils with a high level of available P, P fertilization via furrow and/or foliar application does not interfere with tuber quality.
High rates of phosphate fertilizers have been used in potato cultivation, even in soils with high availability of phosphorus (P). Foliar fertilization with P, especially in the tuber bulking phase, has emerged as a complementary alternative for the nutrition of the crop. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of P rates applied in the planting furrow and foliar application of P on the nutrition and tuber yield and quality of potato crop, cultivated in soils with high P availability (Presina = 74-123 mg dm3 ). Three experiments were conducted, one with cultivar Agata in Itapeva-SP 2021 (exp. I), and the other two with cultivar Orchestra in 2022, one conducted in Itaí-SP (exp. II) and the other in Paranapanema-SP (exp. III). The experiments had a randomized block design, with a 5×2 factorial scheme and four replications. The treatments consisted of a combination of P rates applied in the planting furrow (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and absence and presence of foliar P fertilization (9.0 kg P2O5 ha-1 ), and this application was divided into three applications (3.0 kg P2O5 ha-1 ) in the tuber bulking phase, i.e., approximately between 33 and 63 days after emergence (DAE). The P source used in the planting furrow was monoammonium phosphate (MAP), whereas for foliar fertilization purified monoammonium phosphate (purified MAP) was used. Even in the absence of P fertilization in the planting furrow, the potato crop grown in soils with high levels of available P showed adequate P nutrition and average tuber yield of 48,633 kg ha-1 . Planting P fertilization linearly increased the leaf P concentration, the number of tubers per plant, and P removal; however, the tuber yield was increased by only 6.5% (3,076 kg ha-1 ) and only up to the rate of 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 applied in the planting furrow. In soils with high levels of available P, the potato crop is not very responsive to the application of high P rates; therefore, it is possible to obtain high tuber yield with the use of P rates much lower than those traditionally used in the crop potato. Foliar applications of P in the tuber bulking phase of the potato crop grown in soils with a high P availability, despite having increased the P concentrations in the leaves and aboveground part and the amount of P accumulated by the crop, it does not interfere with tuber yield and quality. In soils with a high level of available P, P fertilization via furrow and/or foliar application does not interfere with tuber quality.
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Palavras-chave
Solanum tuberosum, adubação fosfatada, disponibilidade de fósforo, manejo de nutrientes, produtividade de tubérculos, adubação foliar, phosphorus fertilization, phosphorus availability, nutrient management, tuber yield, foliar fertilization