Classificação das áreas quanto ao zoneamento agroclimático para cafeicultura e projeções de impactos das mudanças climáticas do estado de Minas Gerais
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Data
2021-02-22
Autores
Zanetti, Willian Aparecido Leoti
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O agronegócio tem grande importância no desenvolvimento do país, com representatividade de 20% a 25% na parcela do PIB (Produto Interno Bruto) nos últimos anos. Neste cenário destaca-se o café (Coffea L.), uma das mais relevantes commodities que coloca o Brasil como maior produtor e exportador do produto, considerando patamares alcançados principalmente pelo impulso produtivo de estados, como Minas Gerais, que representa grande participação produtiva e que coloca como o estado com maior produção. Estes fatos impulsionam a exploração de novas medidas de eficiência e implementações, pautadas nas melhores formas de assegurar as produções e gerenciamento dos recursos, principalmente contornando mudanças e impactos climáticos que influenciam na cultura, visto a grande interferência do clima sobre os valores produtivos. A partir deste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a determinação do zoneamento agroclimático para o café Arábica e Conilon, assim como a análise de impacto das mudanças climáticas a partir do aumento das temperaturas. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi obtido séries históricas (1989-2019) de temperatura média do ar, deficiência hídrica e umidade relativa do ar, levantado por meio da rede de Estações Meteorológicas Automáticas do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), localizadas em 44 municípios do Estado de Minas Gerais. A partir da análise e desenvolvimento do zoneamento agroclimático, constatou-se para o café Arábica 25,35% de regiões aptas, 35,78% restritas e 38,86% inaptas. Para o Conilon não foi identificado regiões consideradas aptas, somente 74,43% restritas e 25,57% inaptas. Observando a necessidade de implantações de medidas que possam contornar impactos, pois as projeções futuras com análise ao incremento de temperaturas, indicam a redução de áreas aptas e até mesmo a possível extinção da cultura no estado. Constatando que maior parte das áreas necessitam de implementações voltadas em torno da introdução de técnicas e métodos precisos para assegurar o cultivo e volume produtivo, como o manejo eficiente de irrigação, ou mesmo associar com as condições favoráveis do ambiente visto as suas necessidades e exigências. Além de que áreas aptas com o aumento de temperatura ao longo dos anos podem alterar a classificação e necessitar da intensificação dessas técnicas. Evidenciando que o zoneamento agroclimático é uma ferramenta importante nestas análises, podendo gerenciar e identificar perspectivas ao desenvolvimento e aptidão das culturas.
Agribusiness is of great importance in the development of the country, accounting for 20% to 25% of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in recent years. In this scenario, coffee (Coffea L.) stands out as one of the most relevant commodities that places Brazil as the largest producer and exporter of the product, considering levels achieved mainly by the productive impulse of states such as Minas Gerais, which represents a large productive participation and places it as the state with the largest production. These facts drive the exploration of new efficiency measures and implementations, based on the best ways to ensure the production and management of resources, especially circumventing changes and climate impacts that influence the culture, since the great interference of climate on production values. Based on this context, this work aimed to determine the agro-climatic zoning for Arabica and Conilon coffee, as well as the analysis of the impact of climate change due to the increase in temperatures. For the development of the work, it was obtained historical series (1989-2019) of average air temperature, water deficiency and relative humidity, surveyed through the network of Automatic Weather Stations of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), located in 44 municipalities of the state of Minas Gerais. Based on the analysis and development of agroclimatic zoning, it was found that 25.35% of suitable, 35.78% restricted and 38.86% unsuitable regions for Arabica coffee. For Conilon no regions considered suitable were identified, only 74.43% restricted and 25.57% unsuitable. Observing the need for implementation of measures that can circumvent impacts, because future projections with analysis of increased temperatures, indicate the reduction of suitable areas and even the possible extinction of the culture in the state. Noting that most areas need implementations focused around the introduction of techniques and accurate methods to ensure the cultivation and productive volume, such as efficient management of irrigation, or even associate with the favorable conditions of the environment seen their needs and requirements. Besides that, suitable areas with increasing temperatures over the years may change the classification and require the intensification of these techniques. Evidencing that the agroclimatic zoning is an important tool in these analyses, it can manage and identify prospects for the development and suitability of crops.
Agribusiness is of great importance in the development of the country, accounting for 20% to 25% of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in recent years. In this scenario, coffee (Coffea L.) stands out as one of the most relevant commodities that places Brazil as the largest producer and exporter of the product, considering levels achieved mainly by the productive impulse of states such as Minas Gerais, which represents a large productive participation and places it as the state with the largest production. These facts drive the exploration of new efficiency measures and implementations, based on the best ways to ensure the production and management of resources, especially circumventing changes and climate impacts that influence the culture, since the great interference of climate on production values. Based on this context, this work aimed to determine the agro-climatic zoning for Arabica and Conilon coffee, as well as the analysis of the impact of climate change due to the increase in temperatures. For the development of the work, it was obtained historical series (1989-2019) of average air temperature, water deficiency and relative humidity, surveyed through the network of Automatic Weather Stations of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), located in 44 municipalities of the state of Minas Gerais. Based on the analysis and development of agroclimatic zoning, it was found that 25.35% of suitable, 35.78% restricted and 38.86% unsuitable regions for Arabica coffee. For Conilon no regions considered suitable were identified, only 74.43% restricted and 25.57% unsuitable. Observing the need for implementation of measures that can circumvent impacts, because future projections with analysis of increased temperatures, indicate the reduction of suitable areas and even the possible extinction of the culture in the state. Noting that most areas need implementations focused around the introduction of techniques and accurate methods to ensure the cultivation and productive volume, such as efficient management of irrigation, or even associate with the favorable conditions of the environment seen their needs and requirements. Besides that, suitable areas with increasing temperatures over the years may change the classification and require the intensification of these techniques. Evidencing that the agroclimatic zoning is an important tool in these analyses, it can manage and identify prospects for the development and suitability of crops.
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Palavras-chave
Agronegócio, Clima, Irrigação, Mudanças climáticas, Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas, Agribusines, Climate, Irrigation, Climate changes, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change