Comparação dos efeitos em cães do consumo de β-glucanos extraídos da parede celular de algas ou leveduras
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2023-06-07
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Objetivou-se avaliar e comparar os efeitos do β-glucanos extraído da parede celular de levedura com o extraído de algas marinhas sobre a composição da microbiota intestinal, produtos de fermentação nas fezes e parâmetros imunológicos e inflamatórios de cães adultos. Para o estudo, uma dieta controle (CON) foi suplementada com B-glucano extraído de levedura (BLEV; 0,115%) ou B-glucano de algas: BA15 (dose de 0,155% de B-glucano de algas marinhas); BA31 (0,31% B-glucano de algas marinhas). Foram utilizados 32 cães, 8 por ração. Estes receberam as rações por 42 dias, sendo coletados sangue e fezes no início e final do período para análise das citocinas, produção ex vivo de intermediários reativos de oxigênio e nitrogênio, atividade fagocítica de neutrófilos e monócitos, proteína C reativa (PCR), parâmetros lipêmicos, concentração de IgA fecal e calprotectina. No meio deste período foi realizado ensaio de digestibilidade e curva pós-prandial de insulina e glicose. No tempo final, fezes frescas ainda foram coletas para avaliar produtos de fermentação. Os dados foram avaliados por análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey (P<0,05), e quando necessário, análise de covariância foi aplicada. Cães alimentados com B-A31 apresentaram menor IL-2 que B-LEV e menor fagocitose por neutrófilos que os demais tratamentos (P<0,05). Cães alimentados com B-A31 tenderam a apresentar maior IL-10 que CON (P=0,095). O consumo de B-glucano de algas aumentou a produção de óxido nítrico em cultivo celular e a PCR sérica (P<0,05). Cães alimentados com BA15 apresentaram maior digestibilidade aparente de matéria seca, matéria orgânica e energia bruta (p<0,05). Cães alimentados com BLEV tenderam a menor média de glicose e menor tempo para pico da resposta insulínica (p<0,1). A beta diversidade da microbiota fecal de cães na dieta BA31 diferiu das dietas BLEV e BA15. Concluiu-se que B-glucanos de leveduras e algas marinhas apresentaram vias de ações diferentes, pois o B-glucano de algas induziu elevação de PCR, ativação de monócitos medido pela maior produção de óxido nítrico e tendeu a elevar a citocina anti-inflamatória IL-10, sendo que a dieta BA31 apresentou maior capacidade em alterar da microbiota fecal. O β-glucano de levedura tendeu em diminuir a média da concentração de glicose e antecipar o pico da ação de insulina endógena.
The objective was to evaluate and compare the effects of β-glucans extracted from yeast cell wall with that extracted from seaweed on the composition of the intestinal microbiota, fermentation products in the feces and immunological and inflammatory parameters of adult dogs. For the study, a control diet (CON) was supplemented with yeast-extracted B-glucan (BLEV; 0.115%) or seaweed B-glucan: BA15 (0.155% seaweed B-glucan dose); BA31 (0.31% Seaweed B-glucan). 32 dogs were used, 8 per ration. They received the diets for 42 days, with blood and feces collected at the beginning and end of the period for analysis of cytokines, ex vivo production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, phagocytic activity of neutrophils and monocytes, C-reactive protein (PCR), parameters lipemics, fecal IgA concentration and calprotectin. In the middle of this period, a digestibility test and a postprandial insulin and glucose curve were performed. At the final time, fresh feces were still collected to evaluate fermentation products. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance and compared by Tukey's test (P<0.05), and when necessary, analysis of covariance was applied. Dogs fed B-A31 showed lower IL-2 than B-LEV and less phagocytosis by neutrophils than the other treatments (P<0.05). Dogs fed B-A31 tended to have higher IL-10 than CON (P=0.095). Consumption of seaweed B-glucan increased nitric oxide production in cell culture and serum CRP (P<0.05). Dogs fed BA15 showed higher apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and gross energy (p<0.05). Dogs fed BLEV tended to have lower mean glucose and shorter time to peak insulin response (p<0.1). The beta diversity of the fecal microbiota of dogs on the BA31 diet differed from the BLEV and BA15 diets. It was concluded that B-glucans from yeast and seaweed showed different pathways of action, as B-glucan from seaweed induced an increase in CRP, monocyte activation measured by increased production of nitric oxide and tended to increase the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL -10, and the BA31 diet showed a greater ability to alter the fecal microbiota. Yeast β-glucan tended to lower mean glucose concentration and anticipate the peak of endogenous insulin action.
The objective was to evaluate and compare the effects of β-glucans extracted from yeast cell wall with that extracted from seaweed on the composition of the intestinal microbiota, fermentation products in the feces and immunological and inflammatory parameters of adult dogs. For the study, a control diet (CON) was supplemented with yeast-extracted B-glucan (BLEV; 0.115%) or seaweed B-glucan: BA15 (0.155% seaweed B-glucan dose); BA31 (0.31% Seaweed B-glucan). 32 dogs were used, 8 per ration. They received the diets for 42 days, with blood and feces collected at the beginning and end of the period for analysis of cytokines, ex vivo production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, phagocytic activity of neutrophils and monocytes, C-reactive protein (PCR), parameters lipemics, fecal IgA concentration and calprotectin. In the middle of this period, a digestibility test and a postprandial insulin and glucose curve were performed. At the final time, fresh feces were still collected to evaluate fermentation products. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance and compared by Tukey's test (P<0.05), and when necessary, analysis of covariance was applied. Dogs fed B-A31 showed lower IL-2 than B-LEV and less phagocytosis by neutrophils than the other treatments (P<0.05). Dogs fed B-A31 tended to have higher IL-10 than CON (P=0.095). Consumption of seaweed B-glucan increased nitric oxide production in cell culture and serum CRP (P<0.05). Dogs fed BA15 showed higher apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and gross energy (p<0.05). Dogs fed BLEV tended to have lower mean glucose and shorter time to peak insulin response (p<0.1). The beta diversity of the fecal microbiota of dogs on the BA31 diet differed from the BLEV and BA15 diets. It was concluded that B-glucans from yeast and seaweed showed different pathways of action, as B-glucan from seaweed induced an increase in CRP, monocyte activation measured by increased production of nitric oxide and tended to increase the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL -10, and the BA31 diet showed a greater ability to alter the fecal microbiota. Yeast β-glucan tended to lower mean glucose concentration and anticipate the peak of endogenous insulin action.
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Palavras-chave
β-glucanos, Parede celular de levedura, Algas marinhas, Microbiota, Cães, Animais nutrição