Processos convencionais e promissores de inativação ou remoção do SARS-COV-2 de esgotos: revisão de princípios e mecanismos de ação
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Data
2022-07-22
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Salvador BA: Universidade Federal da Bahia
Resumo
O SARS-CoV-2 é um novo tipo de coronavírus capaz de infectar humanos e causar a síndrome respiratória aguda grave COVID-19, uma doença que, devido ao seu alto índice de disseminação e fatalidade, tem causado enormes impactos no Brasil e no mundo. Estudos publicados por diversos pesquisadores indicaram a frequente detecção de fragmentos do SARS-CoV-2 em amostras obtidas de redes de esgoto ou de estações de tratamento dos mesmos. A presença do novo coronavírus nesses ambientes tem levantado a possiblidade da transmissão indireta da COVID-19 via rota fecal-oral, ou seja, por meio do contato com águas residuais contaminadas. Além disso, a presença do novo coronavírus nesses ambientes também tem levantado a possibilidade da disseminação do SARS-CoV-2 em animais domesticados e selvagens, assim, propiciar a propagação do patógeno em surtos futuros por meio de infecções cruzadas. Sabendo que inibir a propagação do SARS-CoV-2 através de matrizes aquáticas tem se demonstrado de grandíssima importância como controle da COVID-19, e que o descarte ou reutilização das águas residuais de forma segura tem dependido diretamente da eficácia dos processos de tratamento das mesmas, o objetivo desta revisão foi de descrever os métodos convencionais de inativação ou remoção do SARS-CoV-2 de esgotos, e tecnologias promissoras que poderiam ser utilizadas com estas finalidades. No artigo, foram destacados os mecanismos de ação das técnicas e também breves recomendações que visavam fomentar práticas eficientes e seguras caso implementadas.
SARS-CoV-2 is a new type of coronavirus capable of infecting humans and cause the severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19, a disease that, due to its high rate of spread and fatality, has caused enormous impacts in Brazil and in the world. Studies published by several researchers indicated the frequent detection of fragments of SARS-CoV-2 in samples obtained from sewage networks or sewage treatment plants. The presence of the new coronavirus in those environments has raised the possibility of the indirect transmission of COVID-19 via the fecal-oral route, that is, through the contact with contaminated wastewater. In addition, the presence of the new coronavirus in those environments has also raised the possibility of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in domesticated and wild animals, thus, propitiate the spread of the pathogen in future outbreaks through cross-infection. Knowing that inhibiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through aquatic matrices has proved to be of great importance as a control of COVID-19, and that the disposal or reuse of wastewater in a safe way has directly depended on the effectiveness of their treatment processes, the objective of this review was to describe the conventional methods of inactivating or removing the SARS-CoV-2 from sewage, and promising technologies that could be used for those purposes. In the article, the mechanisms of action of the techniques were highlighted and also brief recommendations aimed at promoting efficient and safe practices if implemented
SARS-CoV-2 is a new type of coronavirus capable of infecting humans and cause the severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19, a disease that, due to its high rate of spread and fatality, has caused enormous impacts in Brazil and in the world. Studies published by several researchers indicated the frequent detection of fragments of SARS-CoV-2 in samples obtained from sewage networks or sewage treatment plants. The presence of the new coronavirus in those environments has raised the possibility of the indirect transmission of COVID-19 via the fecal-oral route, that is, through the contact with contaminated wastewater. In addition, the presence of the new coronavirus in those environments has also raised the possibility of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in domesticated and wild animals, thus, propitiate the spread of the pathogen in future outbreaks through cross-infection. Knowing that inhibiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through aquatic matrices has proved to be of great importance as a control of COVID-19, and that the disposal or reuse of wastewater in a safe way has directly depended on the effectiveness of their treatment processes, the objective of this review was to describe the conventional methods of inactivating or removing the SARS-CoV-2 from sewage, and promising technologies that could be used for those purposes. In the article, the mechanisms of action of the techniques were highlighted and also brief recommendations aimed at promoting efficient and safe practices if implemented
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Palavras-chave
Águas residuais, Desinfecção, Efluente - Qualidade, Prevenção de doenças, Recursos hídricos - Desenvolvimento, Saneamento, Matrizes aquáticas, Wastewater, Disinfection, Effluent, Aquatic matrices, Prophylaxis, Water resources, Sanitation
Como citar
Revista Eletrônica de Gestão e Tecnologias Ambientais, v. 10, n. 1, p. 107–125, 2022